The Birmingham Back to Backs (also known as Court 15 ) is the last surviving court of the back-facing houses. They are preserved as an example of thousands of similar homes built around a common yard, for a thriving industrial population population in the UK. They are a very special type of UK terraced housing. Such housing is considered unsatisfactory, and the passage of the Public Health Act of 1875 means nothing else is built; instead of random terraced houses taking their place. This court, at 50-54 Inge Street and 55-63 Hurst Street, is now operated as a historic home museum by the National Trust.
Many back-to-back houses, two or three high floors, were built in Birmingham during the 19th century. Most of these houses are concentrated in inner-city areas such as Ladywood, Handsworth, Aston, Heath Kecil and Highgate. Most were still in fairly good shape at the beginning of the 20th century and also before their demolition. In the early 1970s, almost every Birmingham back and forth house was destroyed. The occupants were reinstated in new houses and board flats, some in inner-city areas being rebuilt, while the majority moved into new housing such as Castle Vale and Chelmsley Wood.
Video Birmingham Back to Backs
Histori
Sewa
At the end of the 18th century, the land where the houses now belong is owned by several families. The Inge family, after they were named Inge Street, had land on the west side of the road while the Gooch family had land on the east side, where backs were built. The ground plot is 50 meters long and 20 meters wide.
In 1789, Sir Thomas Gooch rented the land to John Willmore, a local toy maker. It was agreed that within a year, Willmore had to build two or more large houses at total cost, including outbuildings, not less than Ã, Â £ 700. Willmore failed to do this and Court 15, as well as adjacent Court 14, was built by his successors who remained at roads throughout the 19th century. When John Willmore died, the land was divided between his sons, Joseph and John Willmore, leading to a construction that looked different.
Construction
Court 14 was completed in 1802 by Joseph Willmore, a silversmith. It consists of six front homes and eleven back houses with several workshops at the southern end of larger buildings. When it opened, it was known as Willmore's Court but later renamed Court 14 Inge Street. Since then it has been destroyed.
At this time, John Willmore, a carpenter and carpenter, built homes and workshops for himself. In 1809, the remainder of the undeveloped plot consisted of two nailer workshops and a cooperative workshop with a catapult yard in the back. The front of Hurst Street is filled with warehouses. In 1821, No. 50 Inge Street/1 Court 15 has been converted into a pair of backs to backs. No. 52 Inge Street/2 Court 15 and No. 54 Inge Street/3 Court 15 was built around 1830. The terrace along Hurst Street was built in 1831.
Occupants
Throughout the 19th century, courts were occupied by workers working in industries such as button making, crockery, wood crafts, leather crafts, sewing and also skilled craftsmen in jewelry and small metal trades. Many such workers work from home. More than 500 families have been living in Court 15.
From the 1830s to the 1930s, Mitchells, the family of locksmiths and bellhanger, lived in the palace. At one time, they occupied both No. 55 Hurst Street and No. 54 Inge Street/3 Court 15. The family also worked in the court workshop for more than 70 years.
In 1851, Joseph Barnett, a traveling merchant, lived at 35 Inge Street, with his wife Hanna, and four children, Samuel, Eli Louis, Rebecca and Henry.
Others staying there highlighted the crowded housing conditions, which are usually occupied by a single family. In 1851, for example Sophia Hudson, a widow who worked as a pearl button stud, probably from home, lived in No. 1 Court 15 with her five children and her mother who is also a widow. In 1861, Herbert Oldfield, a glasses maker, occupied the same address with his wife and eight children. At the same time, Mitchell's family had students living with them. Despite the cramped conditions, some families, such as the one who occupied 61 Hurst Street in 1851, were able to pay a servant.
By 1900, the ground floor had been converted into a shop. Services offered from these buildings are cycle makers, hairdressers, ticket writers, fruiterers and furniture dealers. Top floor No. 55 and No. 59 Hurst Street, cycle maker and property of each ticket writer, is transformed into a workshop as opposed to housing.
Most of the buildings remained in use in housing until 1966 when they were declared unfit for habitation. This resulted in those living in buildings being required to leave.
Recovery
In 1988, the court received a Grade II registered status from the National Heritage Department. In 1995, the Birmingham City Council commissioned the City of Hereford Archaeological Unit to survey and record it. Funding for this project is provided by the city council and English Heritage.
Birmingham Back to Backs was restored by the Birmingham Conservation Trust, in collaboration with architect S. T. Walker & amp; Duckham, and opened to the public on July 21, 2004. Their recovery was the subject of a five-part documentary film by Carlton Television. Each of the four houses is decorated and furnished as if in a different era; 1840s, 1870s, 1930s and 1970s. Visits are only pre-bookings, guided tours are timed only.
Maps Birmingham Back to Backs
Layout and design
The court comprises three pairs of homes back to each other on Jalan Inge and the five porch of the blind house on Jalan Hurst, in the form of a L-shaped base. All three-storey tall buildings with one room on each floor.
No. 50 Inge Street/1 Court 15, the first built, is the highest and largest in court. Some evidence exists to show that it is essentially a single residence but has been occupied for most of its life as a pair of backs to the back. Evidence to show that perhaps initially one house is available through the attic layout. The attic runs across the depths of a pair of houses, but is never shared and can only be reached from behind the no. 1 Court 15 where the surviving ladder is of a much better quality than that left in other homes in Court 15. On the second floor, there is a door now blocked on the spinal wall between two houses indicating that the second floor of the house accessible. At this level, too. 50 Inge Street has been split into two rooms by partition walls. The smaller of the two rooms are not heated and turned on by the trapdoor. There are two stacks of high chimneys, one for each house, in pairs.
The entrance of the tunnel to the court is between no. 52 Inge Street/2 Court 15 and No. 54 Inge Street/3 Court 15. Each pair of houses share a single chimney on the roof. The two back houses each have a bay window to allow more light into the ground floor space. The lower floors to these houses have been divided by two spinal walls. The upper floor is divided by one wall of the spine.
At No. 52 Inge Street/2 Court 15 only one original ladder left - from the ground to the first floor in the front house. Stairs on Road No. 54 Inge has been moved on the ground floor but at No. 3 The complete 15 court of the ladder holds.
Rear entrance to no. 55, 57 and 59 are obtained through a very narrow tunnel from Court 15. A ladder on the back wall of each house leads to the first and second floors. The houses are lit by windows on the side of Hurst Street and heated by a pile of chimneys together. No. 63 Hurst Street shares a chimney with No. 65 Hurst Street, the front house of a pair of backs that is part of Court 2 Hurst Street, is now destroyed. No. 55 Hurst Street has a large bay window on the first floor overlooking Inge Street, which is an early feature. All the houses on the terrace have the front of a 20th century shop, replacing the ones previously installed around 1900.
Court 15 may initially have a water pump in the yard, although this is not known for certain. In the 1880s, a single faucet had been installed. The paved brick courtyard contains an open channel that flows in front of the three back houses. In the 1930s, two wash houses and water closets (outdoor flush toilets) were built at workshops and outbuildings in the yard.
References
- Birmingham City Council: Back to back in Birmingham
- Kennedy, Liam (2004). Awakening Birmingham: The Visual Culture of Urban Regeneration . Routledge. ISBNÃ, 0-415-28838-X.
- Birmingham Back to Backs; Do something unforgettable... , The National Trust, 2006, HH Associates (leaflet)
External links
- Birmingham Back to Backs information at National Trust
- 360 degree 360 ​​panorama of the page
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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