Peter Barton Wilson (born August 23, 1933) is an American politician. A Republican, he served as the United States Senator and as the 36th California Governor.
Born in Lake Forest, Illinois, Wilson graduated from UC Berkeley School of Law after serving in the United States Marine Corps. He founded legal practice in San Diego and campaigned for Republicans such as Richard Nixon and Barry Goldwater. Wilson won the election to the California State Assembly in 1966 and became Mayor of San Diego in 1971. He held the post until 1983, when he became a member of the United States Senate.
In the Senate, Wilson supported the Strategic Defense Initiative and the 1988 Civil Liberties Act, while he opposed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990. He resigned from the Senate after winning the California governor election of 1990. As governor, he signed three strikes and supporting energy deregulation and term limits. He is also an advocate for California Proposition 187, which established a state-run citizenship screening system with the intention of preventing illegal immigrants from using social services. He searched for presidential nominations in the 1996 Republican primary elections but quickly got out of the race.
Wilson retired from public office after serving two periods as governor. Since leaving the office, he has worked for several businesses and has been affiliated with several other organizations. He is a distinguished guest companion at the conservative Hoover Institution. Wilson also took charge of the successful 2003 campaign of governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Video Pete Wilson
Kehidupan awal
Peter Barton Wilson was born on August 23, 1933, in Lake Forest, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago. His parents are James Boone Wilson and Margaret (Callaghan) Wilson. His father sold college fraternity jewelry to work through the University of Illinois, and later became a successful advertising executive. The Wilson family settled in St. Louis, Missouri when Pete was in elementary school. He then attended John Burroughs' private, non-sectarian high school (grade 7-9) in Ladue, and then St. Louis Country Day School, an exclusive private high school, where he won an award in his senior year for joint scholarships, athletics, and citizenship. In the fall of 1951, Pete Wilson enrolled at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where he received a US Naval Army Corps Training Scholarship (ROTC), majored in English, and earned a Bachelor of Arts. In the first year, he chose to join the Marine Corps after his graduation.
After graduating from Yale, Wilson served for three years in the United States Marine Corps as an infantry officer, who eventually became the platoon leader. After completing his Marine Corps service, Wilson earned his Juris Doctor degree from the University of California, Berkeley School of Law.
In 1962, while working as Advance Man for Republican Republican candidate Richard M. Nixon, Wilson became acquainted with Herb Klein, one of Nixon's chief aides. Klein suggested that Wilson might succeed in Southern California's politics, so in 1963, Wilson moved to San Diego.
After passing the exam, Wilson started his practice as a criminal defense lawyer in San Diego, but he considered such work low-paid and personally repugnant. He then commented to the Los Angeles Times, "I realize I can not be a criminal defense lawyer - because most people who come to you are guilty." Wilson turned to more conventional law practice and continued his activities in local politics, working for the failed presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater in 1964. Keenan Wilson for politics and managing the details of the days of the political process grew. He spent hours for the Goldwater campaign, gaining friendships from indispensable local Republican supporters for his political career, and in 1966, at the age of thirty-three, he ran for office and won a seat in the California State Assembly, replacing Clair Burgener.
Wilson was re-elected to the Assembly in 1968 and 1970, and in 1971 was elected mayor of San Diego.
Maps Pete Wilson
San Diego Mayor
Wilson served three terms as Mayor of San Diego, from 1971 to 1983, winning the election by a 2: 1 margin each time. During his three tenure he restructured the city council, reorganized the planning commissions and civil servants, instituted the campaign's financial reforms, and launched the San Diego City Center redevelopment. He also helped maintain Padres baseball in San Diego, helping persuade local billionaire Ray Kroc to buy the team.
The 1972 Republican National Convention was scheduled to take place in San Diego in August 1972. However, in May 1972 the Republican National Committee voted to move the convention to Miami because of a scandal involving donations to the event by ITT Corporation, as well as concern about the proposed venue (San Diego Sports Arena) and the adequacy of the hotel room. Wilson proclaimed the week of the convention to become the Best City Town in America, which became an annual event and gave rise to the city's unofficial nickname.
In 1972, Wilson recruited Clarence M. Pendleton Jr. to lead the City Model Program in San Diego. In 1981, US President Ronald W. Reagan appointed Pendleton to lead the United States Civil Rights Commission, a position he held from 1981 until his death in San Diego in 1988.
US Senator
In 1982, Wilson won the Republican party in California to replace the retired US Senator, S.Ã, I. Hayakawa. Democratic opponent of Wilson is Governor Jerry Brown twice who will be out. Wilson is known as a fiscal conservative who supports Proposition 13, although Wilson opposes the temporary measure of the mayor of San Diego. However, Brown ran on his governor's record of building the largest state budget surplus in California history. Both Wilson and Brown are moderate towards liberals on social issues, including support for abortion rights. The election is expected to be close, with Brown holding a lean lead in most polls ahead of Election Day. Wilson hammering away on Brown's promise from California Justice Rose Bird, using this to describe him as more harsh on crime than Brown. Brown was late for the 1980 Democratic presidential election, having promised not to run, was also a problem. President Ronald Reagan made a number of visits to California at the end of the race to campaign for Wilson. Reagan boasted that the last thing he wanted to see was one of the United States Senate seats that fell into the hands of Democrats, especially to be occupied by the man who succeeded him as governor. Although the outgoing polls showed Brown's narrow victory, Wilson dismissed him to win the election. The main contributing factor may also be the inclusion of Armenian voices in the California governor race between George Deukmejian and Tom Bradley. Much of this sound comes from large Republican regions. Deukmejian voters may also choose Wilson for senators.
On October 19, 1983, Wilson voted in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day. The law was signed into law by President Reagan the following month.
In June 1984, Wilson voted in favor of a statute restricting federal highway funds for countries that did not raise the minimum age to drink up to 21.
In May 1985, Wilson underwent surgery for an appendectomy that broke out at Bethesda Naval Hospital, along with other Republican Sen. Bob Dole colleagues who hoped to collect enough votes for the Reagan administration's 1986 budget. The surgery was expected to keep Wilson hospitalized during days, but Wilson returns to Capitol Hill via an ambulance to vote in favor of the budget on May 10. After the vote, Wilson declared he made the decision to cancel the further rest because he believed. voting was probably the most important of his career.
Convinced by the Japanese-American farmers in Central Valley to support the recovery, Wilson sponsored the 1988 Civil Liberties Act. The bill was signed into law by President Reagan.
As a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, he called for early adoption of President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, the national ballistic missile defense system.
Wilson also sponsors the Federal Intergovernmental Regulatory Assistance Bill which obliges the federal government to replace the state at the cost of a new federal mandate. As a fiscal conservative, he was named the Senate "Watchdog of the Treasury" for each of the eight years in the nation's capital.
In 1988, Wilson won the race for the United States Senate against his Democratic counterpart, Leo T. McCarthy. On January 20, 1989, he led the inauguration of George H. W. Bush as President of the United States. He voted against the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, raising the Bush tax, thus remaining conservative fiscal.
In the weeks after California Federal Governor George Deukmejian announced that he did not run for a third term, Wilson considered the governor's offer; at the end of January 1989, Wilson admitted that his decision was troubling him in the midst of consulting with others about the possibility of running. At the start of his six-year tenure in the Senate, Wilson announced plans to run for California governor. In 1990, he resigned from the Senate after winning the California governor election.
On October 2, 1990, Wilson, away from Washington to campaign for the governor of California, became the sole senator from one of the parties not to vote for David Souter's nomination for Associate Judiciary in the United States Supreme Court. He previously supported Souter for confirmation.
California Governor
Pete Wilson was elected Governor of California to replace two long-term Republican Republican George Deukmejian, who chose not to seek a third term in 1990, defeating former San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein, who will continue to be elected to former US Senate seat two years later. Wilson was sworn in as governor on January 7, 1991.
As governor, Wilson oversaw the economic recovery in California, just as other countries began to recover from the economic downturn. Inheriting the country's worst economy since the Great Depression, Wilson insisted on strict budget discipline and sought to rehabilitate the country's environment for investment and the creation of new jobs. During his tenure, market-based and non-subsidized health coverage is provided to small business employees.
Despite his belief in fiscal conservatism, Wilson raised sales taxes to reduce the country's deficit, including imposing sales tax on newspapers (which have no one for later) and snack foods. He also raised car license fees and tuition fees; in 1991, tuition at the University of California was up 40%, while they were up 24% at California State University. In addition, he raised the income tax on the temporary top bracket. However, in 1993, the snack tax was revoked by the Democratic state legislature and the increase in sales tax expired. On April 26, 1991, Wilson proposed an increase in sales tax of 1 1/4 cents and a state tax of 6.7 billion as part of a plan to reduce the state budget deficit. The income difference increased by 5 billion in the four-month tenure of his governor. In response to the April 1991 proposal, Los Angeles Times wrote about Wilson,
He has done what he has asked of him, but thinks almost impossible for every centrist of the Republican Party: building income and expenditure plans that will hurt almost everyone and help hardly anyone, but it will also - for the first time in a long time - placing the country on a sound fiscal footing.
In July, the Senate voted 28 to 9 to support a bipartisan tax plan that would raise taxes on the wealthiest Californians, raise corporate tax rates, and impose a two percent tax increase on telecommunications. Wilson returned the budget bill to the legislature without his signature, canceling previous commitments to veto the size.
On July 12, 1991, Wilson signed a bill requiring parents to disregard payments for child support to guarantee stiff fines and the potential for suspension of business and professional licenses. The law is intended to address the causes of rising poverty among children and girls in the state at a time when unpaid child support in California is 2 billion per year.
On July 24, 1991, Wilson signed a bill mandating mass transit railway lines to be built underground in construction events taking place in residential neighborhoods in North Hollywood and Van Nuys. The bill, prompted by residents of the neighborhood, is aimed at reducing homeowners' fears of noise from under-floor trains running along the proposed rail route parallel to the Chandler and Victory highways. "
Less than a year into his first term as governor, Wilson vetoed AB 101, a bill written to prohibit work-based sexual discrimination in the state. Wilson fears the bill will increase lawsuits and make California less competitive economically. The veto was filled with protests that included demonstrations during Wilson's subsequent public appearances and speeches.
Wilson was the driving force behind the 1996 law that deregulated the country's energy market, which was the first deregulation of energy utilities in the US and aggressively driven by companies like Enron.
Wilson also enacted educational reforms aimed at creating state-of-the-art curriculum standards, reducing class size and replacing social promotion with early remedial education. Wilson promotes standardized tests of all students, improved teacher training, and a longer school year. However, Wilson's uncompromising attitude in reducing education spending that led to the 1992 budget deadlock left the state workers unpaid from July to September, when the California Supreme Court forced the governor and legislature to agree on a provision that ended the sixty- -off.
On February 22, 1993, Wilson issued an executive order banning smoke in most state buildings banning "court-controlled, legislative, or state universities." The order came into force on 31 December. Wilson said other people's smoke "threatens the health of non-smoking state employees" and accuses smoking at work by increasing cleaning costs, damaging furniture and carpets, and raising the possibility of starting a fire.
In late 1993, Wilson traveled to Asia to support California's goods and investment opportunities abroad. The six-day Wilson tour was also marked by his insistence on creating an export-oriented work.
Wilson was re-elected for a second governor's term in 1994, gaining 55 percent of the vote in his race against Democratic Treasurer Kathleen Brown, daughter of former California governor Pat Brown.
Wilson spoke at the funeral service for former First Lady Pat Nixon in 1993 and former President Richard M. Nixon in 1994 at the Nixon Library in Yorba Linda, California. Two years later, Wilson became, to date, the most recent governor to speak at the funeral of California governor, former Governor Pat Brown.
For most of his time as governor, Wilson reduced per-capita infrastructure spending to California, as he did as Mayor of San Diego. Many construction projects - especially road/highway extension/expansion projects - are hampered or delayed, while other maintenance and construction projects are completely abandoned.
The term limitation law passed by voters as Proposition 140, and championed by Wilson in 1990, forbids Wilson to run for re-election to a third term. At the end of his tenure, Wilson left California with a $ 16 billion budget surplus. He was replaced by the then-governor-lieutenant Gray Davis as governor.
The September 1998 Los Angeles Times found 55% of California registered voters supported Wilson's performance.
Welfare
On December 14, 1991, in a speech to the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, Wilson criticized Democratic leaders from the state legislature for their opposition to his budget balancing plan and "spent most of his time at the Biltmore Hotel in downtown Los Angeles opposing his programs, program of state property - including education and Medi-Cal, but especially Assistance to Families with Dependent Children and other welfare programs. "
On January 8, 1993, Wilson submitted an expenditure plan in 1993, advocating an immediate welfare grant cut of 4.2 percent to be followed six months later with a larger 15 percent reduction aimed at recipient families with well-grown adults.. The twin cuts will reduce California's position as the fifth highest benefit that gives the twelfth country.
At the end of his first term, Wilson was allied with state legislators who supported the continuation of the recession-inspired cuts to welfare benefits. A bill enforcing continued benefit reductions is continued by two committees of the Republican majority assembly. H. D. Palmer argues that Wilson's priority lies in other issues and while recognizing an increase in income, reveals that "the governor does not believe that the first call on that income should achieve a double-digit cost of living for the welfare recipient."
Wilson's second passage put forward a statement that the government will usher in welfare reform:
We will demand that all citizens meet common courtesy tests, respect the rights of others, and we will prosecute those who can, withdraw their own weight and fulfill their personal responsibility tests. We will explain that wellbeing is a safety net, not a hammock - and not a permanent way of life at all. We will improve our law to make it clear that bringing children to the world is a wonderful personal responsibility for mom and dad. The cost is too high for people to continue to tolerate promiscuity and irresponsibility that has resulted in an unmarried teenage mother generation. This is very unfair to children; to their sad and incomplete teenage mothers; and of course to the taxpayers who work, who should support them at a cost to their own children.
In his speech in the State of 1997, Wilson criticized the welfare recipients and accused the program of creating conditions that gave rise to illegitimate births, lack of father involvement in the lives of children, and life-long consequences for children caused by fathers not being attendance. Under Wilson's welfare improvement package, mothers must go to work after two years and a year will pass before they can return to welfare, which will only have a five-year lifespan. Paternity for each child should also be established for the mother to begin receiving benefits.
Proposition 187
As governor, Wilson is closely linked with California Proposition 187, a 1994 ballot initiative to build a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibit illegal immigrants from using health care, public education and other social services in the State of California. Voters passed the proposed law as a referendum in November 1994; this is the first time a country has passed a law related to immigration, which is usually a problem for federal policies and programs. The law was challenged in a lawsuit and found unconstitutional by a federal court in 1998 and was never enacted.
Passage of Proposition 187 reflects citizens' concerns about illegal immigration to the United States and its large Hispanic population in California. Opponents believe that the law is discriminatory against Hispanic origin immigrants; Proponents generally insist that their concern is the economy: that the state is incapable of providing social services to so many people entering the country illegally or putting their visas aside. Wilson himself would argue that the policy was "about supporting people who come here the right way."
Opponents Proposition 187 cites its share as a long-term negative effect for the entire territory of the Republic of California. Noting the rapid rise in Latin participation in California elections, some analysts cite Wilson and Republican coverage of Proposition 187 as the cause of the party's failure to win elections across the state. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger is the only Republican to win the election of a California, senatorial, or presidential governor since 1994, in a unique 2003 recall election. Schwarzenegger was also re-elected in 2006.
Since 1995 the following countries have similar voting initiatives or enacted legislation: Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, and Texas.
Policy on crime
Wilson led the effort to enforce a "harsh action against crime" and signed the law "Three Strikes" (25 years to live for repeat offenders) As a result of the Three Deadly Rules, 4,431 offenders have been sentenced to 25 years of life to a string of crimes. The law requires the construction of a new prison, leading some to question its role in the founding of the California Corrections Association, a group of lobbing prison guards who provided $ 1.47 million for the Wilson governor's campaign.
On September 26, 1995, Wilson signed a bill authorizing the possible use of the death penalty for any individual who committed murder in the midst of a car hijacking or killing a jury. Wilson said the law was the result of four years of efforts on his part to tighten laws against carjacking: "The bill sends a clear message to the bangers alley: If you take someone's life while hijacking a coward car, you can expect to pay for your crime by your own life. "
Wilson also supports continuing the death penalty in California, after a 25-year moratorium, and he signed a death certificate for the execution of child killer Robert Alton Harris. Harris was executed in 1992. A total of five people were executed during his reign (the first two in gas chambers, the last three with lethal injections).
Energy deregulation
Wilson supported the energy industry deregulation in California during his reign due to Enron's heavy lobbying efforts. However, during the California energy crisis caused by companies like Enron, Wilson wrote an article entitled "What California Must Do" blamed Gray Davis for not building enough power plants. Wilson defended the record of building a power plant and claimed that between 1985 and 1998, 23 factories were certified and 18 built in California.
Campaign President (1996)
Despite campaign promises to the California people not to do so, Wilson also failed to run for Republican nomination for President in the 1996 election, making official announcements on both beaches. Wilson announced first in New York City, in Battery Park, with the Statue of Liberty as a backdrop. She finished a cross country tour.
The Wilson campaign has had problems from the start. After deciding to run, he almost immediately had a throat surgery that prevented him from announcing - or even talking - for months. His campaign lasted a month and a day and left him with a million dollars in campaign debt. This debt is paid off in a matter of weeks.
The UC Irvine poll of September 6, 1995 showed similar support for Wilson and President Bill Clinton among the Orange County voters. The same poll showed Wilson as trailing Bob Dole by a margin of 20 points. Dole will be a Republican candidate in the general election. Later that month, the Los Angeles Times poll found 23% of Californians believe Wilson should seek a president, including 30% of the country's voters who identify as Republicans.
On September 29, 1995, Wilson told supporters in Sacramento that he was out of the Republican Party, because he lacked the "necessary campaign funding to deliver this message to those who needed to hear it." He became the first candidate out of the Republican Party.
Post-political careers and warnings
After leaving the office, Wilson spent two years as managing director of Pacific Capital Group, a merchant bank based in Los Angeles, California. He has served as director of the Irvine Company, TelePacific Communications, Inc., National Information Consortium Inc., advisor to Crossflo Systems, and IDT Entertainment. He has been a member of the Advisory Board of Thomas Weisel Partners, a San Francisco merchant bank. He also served as chairman of the Pacific Task Force of the Pacific Council on International Policy, which produced an analysis of Japan's economic and national security prospects over the next decade entitled "Can Japan Return?"
Wilson is currently a distinguished guest companion at the Hoover Institution, a conservative think tank located on the Stanford University campus, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation, the Richard Nixon Foundation, the Donald Bren Foundation, is founding director of the California Mentor Foundation and is Chairman of the National Watchdog of the War Museum World II. Wilson sits on two prestigious Federal advisory committees, the President's Foreign Advisory Council and the Advisory Council of the Defense Policy Board. He currently works as a consultant at the Los Angeles Bingham McCutchen LLP office, a large national law firm.
In 2003, Wilson was co-chair of the Arnold Schwarzenegger campaign to replace Gray Davis as governor of California. On September 27, 2007, Wilson supported Rudolph Giuliani for the US President, but Giuliani later dropped out of elementary school. On February 4, 2008, Wilson supported John McCain as a candidate for the US President.
In 2007, Wilson's statue joined Ernest Hahn and Alonzo Horton on the San Diego Walk of Fame. At the opening, Wilson said, "Is not this a good country that anyone can make a perfect horse to be himself anytime?" He also said, "Look at this statue, as I will do, as a substitute recipient of the award you deserve all those who share dreams, which makes it a reality and provides all the environments that boast of the heartwarming San Diego heart they need. "Two hundred sponsors donated $ 200,000 to build the statue. Hispanic and LGBT groups protested against the opening.
On May 23, 2009, Wilson gave an opening speech and received an honorary degree from San Diego State University of Professional Studies and Fine Arts.
In 2009, Wilson became president of Meg Whitman's campaign for the Governor's Campaign.
On January 26, 2010, Wilson wrote an opinion on the Sacramento Bee that accused the federal government of failing to adequately replace California for mandates and other fees such as illegal immigration.
On April 30, 2016, Wilson supported Texas Senator Ted Cruz for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election.
Awards and awards
During and after Wilson's career, he received many awards and awards:
- The Woodrow Wilson Awards for Distinguished Public Service
- The Patriots Award by Congressal Medal of Honor Society
- Honors degree from San Diego State College of Professional Studies and Fine Arts
- The Distinguished Alumnus Award from Boalt Hall, UC Berkeley
- The Bernard E. Witkin Amicus Curiae award is given by the California Justice Board Wilson was also honored by the San Francisco Giants by asking him to open their home schedule in 1998 by throwing out the first event to honor his final year at the office.
- Governor Pete Wilson's Flag of Liberty at the National World War II Museum in New Orleans
References
External links
- United States Congress. "Pete Wilson (id: W000607)". Directory of Biographies of the United States Congress .
- Appearance in C-SPAN
Campaign and video literature
- Affirm Freedom: Wilson for President's Campaign Brochure
- Pete Wilson, Governor Candidate, 1994 Paper Platform, Speech, and Endorsement
Miscellaneous
- Pete Wilson Biography and inauguration speech
- Hoover Institution Biography
- Cal Voter: Gov Wilson's Notes on Crime
- An undated speech by Pete Wilson on an Affirmative Action titled "Minority-Minority Society"
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments