Freon ( FREE -on ) is a registered trademark of The Chemors Company , which uses it for a number of halocarbon products. They are stable, non-flammable, or toxic gases or liquids which are commonly used as aerosol coolers and propellants. These include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that cause ozone depletion (such as chlorodifluoromethane), and HCFC. Not all refrigerants of this type are labeled as "Freon" because Freon is the brand name for R-12, R-13B1, R-22, R-502, and R-503 refrigerants manufactured by The Chemours Company. The term "freon" is a general or proprietary eponymous composer such as "xerox" or "kleenex." This is generally used when referring to fluorocarbon refrigerants.
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Histori
The first CFC was synthesized by Frà © nà © ric Swarts in the 1890s. In the late 1920s, the research team was formed by Charles Franklin Kettering at General Motors to find a replacement for harmful refrigerants which were then used, such as ammonia. The team is led by Thomas Midgley, Jr. In 1928, they increased the synthesis of CFCs and demonstrated their usefulness for the purpose and their stability and non-toxicity. Kettering patented a refrigerant to use gas; this was issued to Frigidaire, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Motors.
In 1930, General Motors and DuPont formed Kinetic Chemicals to produce Freon. Their product is dichlorodifluoromethane and is now designated as "Freon-12", "R-12", or "CFC-12". The number after R is the cooler class number developed by DuPont to systematically identify single halogenated hydrocarbons, as well as other coolants other than halocarbons.
Much of the use of CFCs is now prohibited or severely restricted by the Montreal Protocol of August 1987, as they have been shown to be responsible for ozone depletion. Freon brands containing hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have instead replaced many uses, but they are also under strict control under the Kyoto Protocol, as they are considered a "super greenhouse gas" gas. They are no longer used in aerosols, but to date there is no commonly used common alternative to halocarbons that have been found for non-flammable or toxic cooling, a problem created by the original Freon to avoid.
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Security
According to their material safety data sheet, CFC and HCFC are colorless, volatile, toxic liquids and gases with a rather sweet smell of ethereal. Overexposure at concentrations of 11% or more can cause dizziness, loss of concentration, central nervous system depression, and/or cardiac arrhythmias. Vapor replaces air and can cause shortness of breath in confined spaces. Although not inflammable, their combustion products include hydrofluoric acid and related compounds.
See also
- Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22 or HCFC-22), a type of Freon.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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