The rolling stock of the Bay Area Rapid Transit rail system system (BART) consists of 662 self-propelled electric units, constructed from three separate orders. To run a typical peak morning trip, BART requires 579 cars. Of these, 535 are scheduled to be in active service; the other is used to build four spare trains (essential to maintain timely service). At one time, 90 cars were left for repair, maintenance, or some kind of modified work planned. All trains on separate automatic guideway transit routes are used regularly without spare parts. Bombardier Transportation is a complete fleet replacement manufacturing, which will be delivered in batches in the fall of 2021. The first ten cars of this replacement fleet commenced operations in 2018, with all services entered by 2022. With the withdrawal and retirement of the older fleet, there will be 775 vehicles in total, with long-term goals eventually increasing this to 1,081 cars. Some diesel units will be used on the upcoming spur line.
The main line gauge is 5Ã, ftÃ, 6Ã, in ( 1.676Ã, Â ° ) Indian gauge , significantly larger than range < span> 4Ã,Ã, which is almost universal 1 / 2 in ( 1,435 mm ) standard size is used on freight trains and the fastest transit system. It also uses a flat rail, rather than a typical rail that angles slightly inside. These factors have complex system maintenance, as they require special wheels, brake systems, and track maintenance vehicles. The train has an estimated platform height of 42 inches (1,067 mm). The fully composed, which will fill the system platform, is limited to ten units, equivalent to 710 feet (216 m) (assuming A car is on the end). Automatic guideway transit line using off-the-shelf car cable technology developed by DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car: Cable Liner.
Video Bay Area Rapid Transit rolling stock
Armada asli
Seri A dan B
The cars A and B were built from 1968 to 1971 by Rohr Industries, an aerospace manufacturing company that just started manufacturing mass transportation equipment. A cars are designed as a leading or trailing car, with cabin aerodynamic rail cabin control equipment in the cab and BART two-way communication system, and extend 5 feet (1.52 m) longer than B- and C-cars. Cars A and B can accommodate 60 passengers comfortably, and under a crush load, carry over 200 passengers. Car B does not have an operator cabin and is used in the middle of a train to carry passengers only. Currently, BART operates 59 A cars and 389 B cars. BART A car has a larger cabin window than a C car, which allows the rider to look out from the front or rear of the train.
C series
The C car features cabin operators and controls and communications fiberglass equipment such as A car, but has no aerodynamic nose, allowing them to be used as a medium car as well. This allows faster train size changes without having to move the train to the switching place. The C car can accommodate 56 passengers and under the crush load accommodates more than 200 passengers. The first C car, called the C1 car, was built by Alstom between 1987 and 1989. The second sequence of C cars, built by Morrison-Knudsen (now Washington Group International), is known as C2 cars. C2 car is identical to C1 car but displays interior with blue/gray motif. At the time of their construction, C2 cars also have fold-up folders that can be folded to accommodate wheelchair users; these chairs are then removed during repair. Currently, BART operates 150 C1 and 80 C2 cars. The "C" car has a bright white segment as the end is about two feet (61 cm) from the car at the end of their taxi.
Refurbishments
Before the introduction of C2 cars, carpeted chairs and floors in all cars were brown. In 1995, BART contracted with ADtranz (acquired by Bombardier Transportation in 2001) to refurbish and revamp the original 439 Rohr A- and B-cars cars, renewing the dark brown chair chairs to be less toxic and easier to clean, light blue polyurethane chairs and bring an older car to the same level of interior facilities as the C2 fleet. The project was completed in 2002. Cars A, B, and C were all given 3-digit numbers initially, but when 1000 renewals were added to the number of each private A/B car (eg 633 cars would be 1633). C2 cars are numbered in the 2500 series; C/C1 car still has a 3-digit number.
Since one of the original design goals is for all BART riders to be seated, older cars have fewer provisions such as a handle for standing passengers. In the late 2000s BART began modifying some C2 cars to test features such as hand straps and additional areas for luggage, wheelchairs and bicycles. These new features are then added to cars A, B, and C1.
Prior to 2012, all BART cars featured upholstered seats. It was reported in 2011 that several strains of fungi and bacteria were found in the cloth seats on the BART trains, even after wiping with antiseptics. These include bacteria from fecal contamination. In April, BART announced it would spend $ 2 million next year to replace a dirty seat. New chairs will feature a vinyl coated finish that will be easier to clean. The transition to a new seat is completed in December 2014.
Initially all cars have carpeted floors. Because of the same concern about cleanliness, the carpet in all cars has been removed. Cars A and B, and C2 now have vinyl flooring with gray or blue dyeing, while C1 cars have spray composite floors.
Motor traction
Prior to rebuilding, Direct Current (DC) traction motors used on 439 Rohr BART cars were 1463 models with helicopter control from Westinghouse, which also built an automated train control system for BART. Rohr cars are rebuilt with the ADtranz 1507C model 3-phase alternating current (AC) motor traction with an isolated bipolar pole-inverter (IGBT) inverter. The Westinghouse motors are still used on Alstom C (C1) and Morrison-Knudsen C2 cars and the motors removed from Rohr cars are maintained as reserve motors for use on them. The car has an initial acceleration of 3.0 mph/s or 4.8 km/h and is able to withstand acceleration of up to 31 mph (50 km/h). The residual acceleration at 80 mph (130 km/h) is 0.78 mph/s or 1.26 km/h (h? S). Braking rates range from 0.45 mph/s or 0.72 km/(h? S) to 3.0 mph/s or 4.8 km/(h? S) (full service tariff).
The HVAC system on Rohr BART cars prior to rehabilitation was built by Thermo King, when it was a subsidiary of Westinghouse; now a subsidiary of Ingersoll Rand. The current HVAC system on the Rohr built 1st generation car built by Westcode and possibly also ADtranz has subcontracted the HVAC system to Westcode.
Noise
Many BART passengers have noted that the system is noisy, with a 2010 survey by the San Francisco Chronicle measuring up to 100 decibels (comparable to jackhammer noise levels) on Transbay Tube between San Francisco and Oakland, and still more than 90 decibels in 23 other locations. According to BART, noise in the tunnel was "compared to banshees, screech owls, or Doctor Who's TARDIS run amok".
However, the head of BART spokesman Linton Johnson stated that BART averaged 70-80 dB, below the danger zone, and according to a 1997 study by the National Academy of Sciences, BART was ranked as one of the quietest transit systems in the country. Critics have denied that this study analyzes the above ground system parts at a speed of 30 mph (48 km/h), which does not represent actual operating conditions. Most of the BART is underground and curved, even on Transbay Tube, and has a much higher peak operating speed than many other systems in the country.
The train noise at the bend is caused by the wheels slipping along the rails. This slippage also causes noise and surface damage called corrugation . Processes where noise and wrinkle occur are:
- The wheel pair is attached to each other with the axis so it must have the same rotational speed, but on the curve of the inner and outer wheel travel distance is different. As a result, the wheel must slip along the rails.
- This slippage causes the wheel and track to be used and becomes uneven ( bumpy ).
- This wrinkle causes more noise and wrinkles, not only in the original location but elsewhere in the system.
By 2015, after replacing 6,500 feet (1.981 m) and crushing (smoothing) 3 miles (4.8 km) of rails inside the tube, BART reports noise reduction there and positive feedback from riders. BART also announced that the new train car expected to enter service in December 2016 (see below) will be more quiet, thanks to the "micro-plug door" that helps seal the noise ".
Maps Bay Area Rapid Transit rolling stock
Future Fleet (D and E series)
In an APTA 2010 study, the average age of BART's main fleets is reported to be 30 years, longer than the usual 25-year period. Despite the purchase of new cars over the years, most of the active fleet in 2016 is over 40 years old and has traveled more than a million miles. Because of this, they are increasingly susceptible to frequent damage and repairs, decreasing the number of available cars and in turn increasing congestion, especially with the need to increase the size of the fleet for expansion into the network. As a result, in 2009, BART began the process of expanding and replacing its double carrier fleet. In 2010, they received proposals from five suppliers, and on May 10, 2012, they awarded a $ 896.3 million contract to Canadian railway manufacturer Bombardier Transportation with orders for 410 new cars, divided into basic orders of 260 cars and options first ordering 150 additional cars. The car was designed by Morelli Designers, an industrial design company based in Montrà © al, Canada. On 21 November 2013, BART bought 365 more cars, with a total fleet size of 775 new carriages, while also accelerating delivery schedules for up to 21 months (from 10 cars per month to 16 cars per month) and lowering procurement costs by approximately $ 135 million. According to the contract, at least 2/3 of the contract amount should be spent on components built in the US.
There are two types of car configurations for the new fleet; car cabin ( D cars), which will form 40% of the fleet, or, 310 cars, and non-cabin cars (cars E ), which will make the rest of the fleet, or, 465 cars. All cars must be equipped with bike racks, new vinyl seats (54 per car), and a new passenger information system that will display the next stop information.
The main difference from older cars is the presence of an extra set of doors on each side of the new car to accelerate up and down. They also include redesigned seats, bike racks, digital displays featuring travel information, and automatic announcements. Due to potential access problems for people with disabilities, the pilot car layout was modified by the BART board in February 2015 to include two wheelchair spaces in the center of the car, as well as alternative layouts for flexible bikes and open spaces.
The first test car was launched in April 2016; after approval, the first 10 cars are expected to be operational by December 2016, and at least 20 in December 2017. This was postponed several times until production cars are expected to be delivered in October 2017. Delivery of all 775 cars was originally expected to be completed in Autumn 2022, with all cars operating in 2023. Bombardier initially agreed to speed up production for all cars available by the end of 2021 and operate by 2022.
In early November 2017, the test train failed the CPUC regulatory inspection due to the door problem, leaving the planned end-November revenue service in doubt. The first ten car trains received the CPUC certification on January 17, 2018, and started revenue services two days later on January 19th.
AGT fleet
The Coliseum-Oakland International Airport line uses a completely separate and independently operated fleet because it uses automatic guideway transit technology based on cables. The fleet consists of four Cable Liner trains built by DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car arranged as three sets of cars, numbering twelve cars. The system is designed to be expanded into four-car trains with a capacity of 148 passengers in the future if needed.
eBART fleet
eBART is a runway built to different design standards from the majority of the main lines; it is a non-electrification 4Ã, ftÃ, 8 / 2 in ( 1,435 mm ) standard size and is intended for service by light rail. The procurement of vehicles for the track includes eight Stadler GTW trains, with two options to buy six more. Stadler is the sole bidder of that contract. The first is delivered in June 2016. The train is a dual diesel unit (DMU's) with an articulated 2/6 power unit, and is based on models previously used in Austin, Dallas, and New Jersey.
Track car geometry
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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