Laundry refers to washing clothes and other textiles. The washing process is often done in the room provided for that purpose; in these individual homes are referred to as laundry rooms or utility rooms. An apartment building or student dormitory may have shared laundry facilities such as tvÃÆ'¤ttstuga . Stand-alone businesses are called self-service laundry (laundry in English English or a laundromat in American English). Materials that are being washed, or have been washed, are also commonly referred to as laundry .
Laundry has been a part of history ever since we started wearing clothes, so the methods used by different cultures to meet these universal human needs appeal to several branches of scholarships. Laundry jobs have traditionally been very gendered, with responsibilities in most cultures falling into women (known as washing or laundry). The Industrial Revolution is gradually leading to mechanical solutions for washing works, especially washing machines and then drying machines. Laundry, such as cooking and childcare, is done both at home and by commercial companies outside the home.
Video Laundry
Histori
Watercourses
Laundry was first performed in creeks, allowing water to transport material that can cause stains and odors. Laundry is still done in this way in rural areas of poor countries. Agitation helps remove dirt, so the laundry is rubbed, twisted, or slapped on a flat stone. One name for this surface is beetle, related to beetling, technique in the production of linen; one name for a wood substitute is a battling-block. The dirt was struck down with wooden tools known as washing paddles, batons, bats, beetles or clubs. Wood or stone polisher surfaces installed near water supplies are gradually replaced by portable scrubbers, including glass jars or factory-made metal shrouds.
Once clean, the clothes are rinsed and squeezed - twisted to remove most of the water. Then they are hung on poles or clothing lines to dry the air, or sometimes just scattered on clean grass, shrubs, or trees. Finally, they are ironed.
Washhouses
Before the emergence of washing machines, laundry is often done in a communal setting.
Villages throughout Europe are able to build a wash house, sometimes known as the French lavoir . Water is flowed from rivers or springs and inserted into buildings, perhaps only roofs without walls. This wash house usually contains two washbasins - one for washing and another for rinsing - where water keeps flowing, and rock lips tend toward water that can be washed with wet laundry. Such facilities are more comfortable and convenient than washing in the drains. Some lavoirs have a sink at waist height, though others remain on the ground. The laxatives are protected to some extent from the rain, and their journey is reduced, because the facility is usually in the hands of the village or on the edge of the city. The facility is publicly available and available to all families, and is usually used by the whole village. Many of the village wash houses are still standing, historic buildings with no clear modern purpose.
Work washing clothes are provided for women, who wash all their family clothes. Washerwomen (washing clothes) take someone else's laundry, charging by piece. Thus, laundry houses are a mandatory cessation in many women's weekly lives and become a kind of institution or meeting place. This is a women's special room where they can discuss problems or just chat (compare the concept of a village pump). Indeed, this tradition is reflected in the Catalan idiom " fer safareig " (literally, "to do the laundry"), which means gossip.
European cities also have a common wash house. The city government wants to provide poorer people, who otherwise have access to laundry facilities, the opportunity to wash their clothes. Sometimes these facilities are combined with public baths, see for example Bath and washing houses in England. The goal is to improve hygiene and thereby reduce epidemic outbreaks.
Sometimes a large metal pot ("copper wash", even when it is not made of that metal), is filled with fresh water and heated over a fire, because hot water or boiling water is more effective than cold in removing dirt. A posser can be used to rummage through clothes in a bathtub. A related tool called a dolly wash is a "wooden stick or a hammer with a bunch of legs or pegs attached" that move the cloth through water.
Washing Machine and other devices
The Industrial Revolution really changed the laundry technology. Christine Hardyment, in its history of the Great Exhibition of 1851, argues that it is the development of a domestic machine that leads to the liberation of women.
The mangle (or "blackmailer" in American English) was developed in the 19th century - two long rollers in their frames and cranks. A laundry worker picks up a dripping wet suit and twirles it through layers, solidifies cloth and gets rid of excess water. Mangle is much faster than twisting a hand. It is a variation on the mangle box that is used primarily for pressing and tidying the fabric.
Meanwhile, the inventors of the 19th century further moved the washing process with a variety of hand-operated washing machines. Most involved turning the handle to move the paddle inside the tub. Then some early twentieth-century machines used electric-powered stirrers to replace the boring hand rub against the wash board. Many of these are just a tub on foot, with hand mangle operated on top. Then the mangle is also electrically powered, then replaced with a double hollow tub, which spewed excess water in a rotating cycle.
Laundry dryers are also mechanized, with dryers. The dryer also rotates the perforated tub, but they blow the hot air out of the water.
Chinese Laundromat in North America
In the United States and Canada in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, laundry worker occupations were heavily identified with China. Discrimination, lack of English language skills, and lack of capital get Chinese out of the most desirable careers. Around 1900, one of four ethnic Chinese men in the United States worked in the laundry, usually working 10 to 16 hours a day.
New York City had about 3,550 Chinese washes at the start of the Great Depression of the 1930s. In 1933, even with this for many such a relatively desirable business, the City Council of Aldermen passed a law that was clearly meant to drive the Chinese out of business. Among other things, he limits ownership of laundry to US citizens. The Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association has tried unsuccessfully to deflect it, resulting in the formation of the left-leaning Chinese Left LaLinian Alliance (CHLA), which successfully challenged this legal provision, allowing Chinese laundry workers to preserve their livelihoods.
The CHLA then serves as a more common civil rights group; the number dropped dramatically after being targeted by the FBI during Second Red Scare (1947-1957).
Notice that the phrase "Chinese laundry" as in "We arrange Chinese laundry in our ski lodge" is not a reference to the social history described above, but shows the (usually temporary) system of lines of underwear or porches, whether well organized or with rough improvisation, which has been rigged to get dry clothes. This phrase seems to be living less by historical memories of Chinese leaching in Western countries than by the colorful washing impressions frequented by visitors to China.
India
In India, laundry is traditionally done by men. A cleaner is called dhobiwallah , and dhobi becomes the name of their caste group. Places where they work or work include Dhobi Ghat in Mumbai. Related to this is Dhoby Ghaut in Singapore and Dhoby Ghaut, Penang in Malaysia.
Ancient Rome
The workers who clean the cloth are called fullones , single fullo (fulling, wool making process, and earth fuller, used for cleaning). Clothes are treated in a small tub that stands in alcoves surrounded by low walls, known as warungs or fulling stalls. The tub is filled with water and a mixture of alkali chemicals (sometimes including urine). The fuller standing in the tub and stepping on the fabric, a technique known elsewhere as a post. The purpose of this treatment is to apply chemical agents to the fabric so that they can do their job, breaking down fat and fat. These stalls are very typical of these workshops which are used to identify fullonicae in archaeological relics.
Maps Laundry
Washing process
Washing processes include washing (usually with water containing detergent or other chemicals), agitation, gargling, drying, pressing (pressing), and folding. Washing will often be done at temperatures above room temperature to increase the activity of the chemicals used and the solubility of stains, and high temperatures killing the micro-organisms that may be present in the fabric.
Chemicals
Various chemicals can be used to increase the solvency of water, such as soaproot or yucca-root compounds used by Native American tribes, or alkaline ash (usually sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) after being used for washing laundry in Europe. Soaps, compounds made from alkali and fat, are ancient and common laundry aids. Modern washing machines typically use either a synthetic powder or liquid laundry detergent instead of a more traditional soap.
Dry cleaning or cleaning
Dry cleaning refers to a process using chemical solvents other than water. The solvents used are usually tetrachloroethylene (perkhlorethylene), which the industry is called "perc". This is used to clean fine fabrics that can not withstand rug and fall from washing machines and dryers; It can also prevent labor-intensive hand washing.
In some parts of the world, including North America, apartment buildings and dormitories often have a laundry room, where residents share a washing machine and dryer. Usually the machine is set to run only when the money is put into the coin slot. One name for this is tvÃÆ'¤ttstuga .
In other parts of the world, including Europe, apartment buildings with laundry rooms are sparse, and each apartment may have its own washing machine. Those who do not have machines at home or use the laundry room should wash their clothes by hand or visit a commercial self-service laundry (laundry, laundry) or laundry shop, such as 5ÃÆ' seconds.
Right to dry motion
Some American communities forbid their inhabitants to dry clothes outside, and these protesting citizens have created a "right to dry" movement. Many homeowners associations and other communities in the United States prohibit citizens from using the clothes outside the home, or restrict their use to locations not visible from the street or at certain times of the day. Other communities, however, expressly prohibit rules that prevent the use of clothesline. Some organizations have campaigned against laws that prohibit the coating of clothing lines in public places, especially given the increase in greenhouse gas emissions generated by some types of power plants needed to power electrically clothing dryers, since dryers can be a substantial part of energy use total house.
Florida ("Sunshine State") is the only country that expressly guarantees the right to dry, even though Utah and Hawaii have passed a human rights law. Florida law explicitly states: "No restrictions, treaties or similar binding agreements that run on land would prohibit or have the effect of banning solar collectors, clotheslines, or other energy devices based on renewable resources from those installed in buildings erected in many or packages covered by binding restrictions, agreements or binding agreements. "No other country has such clear legislation. Vermont was considered the "Right to Dry" bill in 1999, but was defeated at the Natural Resources Senate & amp; The Energy Committee. The language has been included in the 2007 voluntary energy conservation law, introduced by Senator Dick McCormack. Legislation allows for thousands of American families to start using clotheslines in communities where they were previously banned in Colorado in 2008. In 2009, the law of clothesline was debated in the states of Connecticut, Hawaii, Maryland, Maine, New Hampshire, Nebraska, Oregon , Virginia, and Vermont. Other countries are considering similar bills.
Similar measures have been introduced in Canada, in particular the province of Ontario.
Common issues
The novice users of modern washing machines sometimes experience accidental shrinkage of clothing, especially when applying heat. For wool clothes, this is because the scales on the fibers, which causes heat and agitation to stick together. In cold countries they dry it with their fireplaces, others just have plenty or buy more clothes in preparation for winter or cold. Other fabrics are stretched by mechanical forces during production, and can shrink slightly when heated (albeit to a lower level of wool). Some clothes "pre-shrink" to avoid this problem.
Another common problem is color bleeding. For example, washing red clothes with white underwear can produce clothing in pink. Often only the same color is washed together to avoid this problem, which is reduced by cold water and repeated washing. Sometimes this color mixing is seen as a selling point, like a madras cloth.
The laundry symbol is included in many outfits to help consumers avoid this problem.
Etymology
The word laundry comes from Central English lavendrye, Laundry, from Old French lavanderie , from lavandier.
Laundry in culture
In the Homer Odyssey , Princess Nausicaa and her diapers were washing the shores by the shore when they saw and rescued the damaged Ulysses vessels.
A cleaner is a disguise adopted by Toad at Wind in the Willows .
My Beautiful Laundrette Movie shows two laundry entrepreneurs.
See also
- List of laundry topics
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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