The Stanley Motor Carriage Company is a manufacturer of American steam engined vehicles; operated from 1902 to 1924. The cars made by the company were daily called Stanley Steamers, although several different models were produced.
Video Stanley Motor Carriage Company
Sejarah awal
The twins Francis E. Stanley (1849-1918) and Freelan O. Stanley (1849-1940) founded the company, after selling their photographic printing business to Eastman Kodak. They made their first car in 1897. During 1898 and 1899, they produced and sold more than 200 cars, more than any other US maker. In 1899, Freelan and his wife Flora drove one of their cars to the summit of Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. The climb takes more than two hours and can be recorded as the first time a car has climbed along the 12 kilometer (12.2 km) Washington Carriage Road; decrease is done by placing the machine in low gear and braking extensively. The Stanleys then sold the right to this initial design to Locomobile, and in 1902 they formed their own Stanley Motor Carriage Company.
Maps Stanley Motor Carriage Company
Specifications and design
The start of Stanley's car has a lightweight wooden body mounted on a tubular steel frame using a full elliptic spring. Steam is generated in a vertical fire tube boiler, mounted under the seat, with evaporating gasoline (later, kerosene) underneath. The boiler is reinforced by several layers of piano wire around it, which gives it a strong but relatively light shell. In the initial model, the vertical fire tube was made of copper, and extended to the holes at the top and bottom of the crown sheet. In subsequent models, installation of condensers causes oil contamination in the expansion joints, and welded steel flame canisters should be used. Boilers are quite safe, as they are equipped with safety valves. Even if this fails, any harmful pressure will break one of the joints long before the boiler shell itself can explode. The resulting leak will reduce the boiler pressure and extinguish the burner, with a very small risk for passengers. There was no single documented incident from Stanley's burst boiler. [1] [2]
The engine has two double-acting cylinders, side by side and equipped with a sliding valve, and it is a simple expansion type. The drive is transmitted directly by the crankshaft to the differential mounted on the back through using the chain. Owners often modify their Locomobiles by adding third-party accessories, including better lubricants, condensers, and devices that simplify the grueling initial procedures.
To address the patent problem with the design they sell to Locomobile, Stanley's brothers developed a new model with twin-cylinder engines directed directly to the rear axle. Later models have aluminum trucks that resemble internal combustion cars at the time, but they retain the steam-car features with no transmission, clutch, or driveshaft. They also have a fully emerging tubular steel frame.
When they then move the boiler to the front of the vehicle, the owner calls it a "coffin nose." The compact engine ran at considerable vapor pressure, with the 10HP boiler described in 1912 having a safety valve set at "650 pounds" (psi), with the burner set to automatically cut back when the pressure reached "500 pounds". The twin-cylinder steam engine at the time was 10HP, with 3.25-inch bore and 4.25-inch stroke, and 20HP with 4-inch bore and 5-inch stroke, and extensive use of ball bearings. To increase the range, the condenser was added from 1915.
Stanley Steamer set a world record for the fastest mile in a car (28.2 seconds) in 1906. This record (127 mph (204 km/h)) was not broken by any car until 1911, although Glen Curtiss beat the record in 1907 by bicycle motor V-8 powered at 136 mph (219 km/h). The record for the steam-powered car was not broken until 2009.
Production rose to 500 cars in 1917.
Steamer Stanley is sometimes dubbed "The Flying Teapot". At least one Stanley Ship found its way to Castle Hill, New South Wales, Australia where it was piloted in the late 1920s.
Immortality
During the mid to late 1910s, fuel efficiency and internal combustion engine power increased dramatically and used electric starters instead of cranks, which have been notorious for injuring operators, led to the emergence of gasoline-powered cars, which were also much cheaper. The Stanley company produced a series of advertising campaigns that tried to recover public car-buying away from "internal blast machines," but that did not work. Their advertising slogan is, "Power - Manufactured Properly, Correctly Controlled, Applied Correctly to a Rear Axle." This is a preliminary example of ad campaigns of fear, uncertainty, and doubt, as their goal is not to convince buyers of profits from Stanley Steamer but to suggest that internal combustion cars can explode.
Sale and close
In 1918, after the accidental death of Francis Stanley, Freelan Stanley sold his interests to Prescott Warren. The company experienced periods of decline and stagnation of technology. The production specifications show [3] that there is no model with a power output of more than 20 hp (15 kW) produced after 1918. The better car is now available at a much lower cost. For example, the 1924 Stanley 740D sedan costs $ 3950 ($ 56404 today), compared to less than $ 500 ($ 7140 today) for the Ford Model T. The widespread use of electric starters in internal combustion cars, beginning in 1912, erodes the excess the remaining technology. of steam cars.
The small scale of merchandising, the lack of effective advertising, and the riders' general desires for higher speed and faster startup than those offered by Stanley vehicles are a major cause of corporate destruction. The factory was permanently closed in 1924.
In popular culture
The entire song titled "The Stanley Steamer" appeared in the 1948 Summer Holiday movie starring Mickey Rooney and Gloria De Haven. Number, written by Harry Warren with lyrics by Ralph Blane, features an extended musical sequence with what seems to be a pretty early yellow HP model of 10.
Another Stanley Steamer appeared in the 1965 movie The Great Race starring Jack Lemmon, Tony Curtis and Natalie Wood as a car driver.
Steamer Stanley appeared in the 2003 movie Sexycuit .
Stanley dari Cars dan Cars 2 yang muncul di Time Travel Mater adalah Stanley Steamer. Dia adalah suami Lizzie. Ada patung dirinya yang terlihat di depan stasiun pemadam kebakaran di Radiator Springs tempat tinggal Red. Dia adalah pendiri kota.
Galeri
Lihat juga
- Freelan Oscar Stanley & amp; Francis Edgar Stanley
- John Brisben Walker
- Amzi L. Barber
- Perusahaan Locomobile of America
- Perusahaan Seluler Amerika
- Mobil uap
- Mesin uap
- Garis waktu tenaga uap
- Sejarah kendaraan jalan uap
Catatan
- ^ Informasi Teknis Stanley "
- ^ Spesifikasi produksi Stanley "
- ^ Teman-teman dari Auburn Heights Preserve - FAQ "
External links
- Stanley Steamers
- The Museum's web page at Steamers Stanley in Kingfield, Maine
- Stanley Steamer - Technical Information
- The world's largest collection of Stanley Steamers
- Stanley Online List - A worldwide list of available Stanley steam cars
- British Steam Car Challenge 2008
- Video: Stanley Steamers driven and described by Jay Leno
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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