A dry toilet (or non-flushing toilet, no flush toilet or flush-free toilet ) is a toilet that operates without watering, unlike toilet flush. The dry toilet may have a pedestal where the user can sit, or a squat pot where the user squats in a squat toilet case. In both cases, the excreta (both urine and feces) falls through the falling hole.
Dry toilets can be one of the following types of toilets: compost toilets, urine-drained toilets, Arborloo, container-based toilets, bucket toilets, simple latrine pits (but not those that operate on a "flour flush" basis), burn toilets, or freeze toilet.
Urine and feces can be mixed when dripping or staying apart, called urine diversion.
Video Dry toilet
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There are several types of toilets called "dry toilets". Everything works without water flush and without connection to a sewer system or septic tank:
- Compost toilet (in most cases without urine transfer but also with urine transfer)
- Urine-dried toilets (UDDT) - with urine diversion, as the name suggests
- Arborloo - which is similar to pit latrine but has a much shallower hole and is designed to make compost in the pit
- Container-based toilets - in which human excreta is collected in removable and removable containers (also called cartridges) transported to care facilities
- Toilet bucket - a very basic type of dry toilet consisting only of buckets that can be upgraded with urine transfer and use of cover material
- Simple latrine: a pit latrine that does not have a water seal (pour a flush drain hole has a water seal and therefore not a dry toilet).
- Throw away toilets, freeze toilets - these toilets with more complicated technology and higher costs
Other types of dry toilets are being developed at universities, for example since 2012 funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Such toilets are intended to operate outside the network without connection to drains, drains, or electricity.
Terminology
An important source states that the term "dry toilet" should refer only to the "user interface" and not the next storage and treatment steps. However, in the WASH sector, the term "dry toilet" is still used differently by different people. This often includes storage and maintenance measures. For example, it is common that the term "dry toilet" is used to refer specifically to dry toilets that drain urine or compost toilets.
People also use the term to refer to a toilet without a water seal even though the pit latrines are usually not dry. Holes can become very wet because urine mixes with dirt in the pit and drainage may be limited. Also, ground water or surface water can also enter the hole in case of heavy rain or flooding. Sometimes households even throw greywater (from the bath) to the same hole.
Some publications use the term "dry sanitation" to denote a system that includes dry toilets (especially urine-dried dry toilets) connected to the system to manage excreta. However, the term is not widely used today, and prefers to be replaced by "non-disposal based sanitation" or "non-drainable sanitation" (see also the management of sludge).
The term "toilet" refers to a small structure, separate from the main building, which includes a pit toilet or a dry toilet. Although strictly refers only to the structure above the toilet, it is often used to indicate the entire structure of the toilet, which includes a hole in the ground in the case of a pit latrine.
Gallery
Maps Dry toilet
Using
Dry toilets (especially simple hollow toilets) are used in developing countries in situations where flush toilets connected to a septic tank or sewer system are not feasible or undesirable, for example due to cost. The cost of a sewerage infrastructure can be very high in unfavorable terrain conditions or vast settlement patterns.
Dry toilets (especially composting toilets) are also used in rural areas in developed countries, for example many Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Finland, Norway) for summer homes and in national parks.
Benefits
Dry toilets can be a suitable alternative for toilets that are rinsed off when water for watering is limited. Another reason for using dry toilets is that the infrastructure to handle waste water generated from flush toilets is too expensive to build.
Dry toilets are used for three main reasons rather than flush toilets:
- To save water - when there is water scarcity, water is expensive (as in dry or semi-arid climates) or because users want to conserve water for environmental reasons. However, water savings from dry toilets may not be significant compared to other water savings in households or in agricultural practices.
- To prevent surface water or groundwater contamination - dry toilets do not mix with water and do not pollute groundwater (except for latrines that can contaminate groundwater); they do not contribute to eutrophication in surface water bodies.
- To enable safe execution of reuse, after the dirt or feces collected have undergone further treatment eg by drying or composting.
Dry toilets and excreta management without sewer can offer more flexibility in construction than flush toilets and sewer systems. This could be a suitable system to adapt to climate change scenarios in areas such as deserts such as Lima, Peru.
Challenges
The dry toilet did not have a water seal, so the smell could be a problem. This often happens for latrines in the pit, UDDT or compost toilets if not well designed or not used properly.
The dry toilets connected to the holes (such as the latrine) tend to make it very difficult to empty the hole in a safe manner when it is full (see the management of mud stools). On the other hand, dry toilets that are not connected to holes (eg container-based toilets, UDDTs and compost toilets) typically have a safe method to empty built inside because it is designed to be discharged regularly and often enough. (in a few days, weeks or months).
Urban settings
The use of dry toilets (especially dry toilets that drain urine) in urban areas in developed countries is very rare as they come with some significant social and technical challenges. Reception and legal support at the local policy level among the various government departments involved may be very low for dry toilets.
History
The history of dry toilets is basically the same as the history of toilets in general (until the advent of flush toilets) as well as the history of ecological sanitation systems related to the reuse of excreta in agriculture.
United Kingdom
In the UK, the use of dry toilets continued in some areas (interesting, often in urban areas) until the 1940s. Apparently this is often emptied directly into their garden, where the excreta is used as a fertilizer. The sewer system did not come to some rural areas of England until the 1950s or even after that.
Australia
Brisbane, Australia was largely untouched until the early 1970s, with many suburbs having dry toilets (called dunny in Australia) behind every house.
References
External links
- Finnish Global Toilets Association
- Publication of dry toilets at the library of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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