Introduction & amp; Gamble Co. ( P & amp; G ) is an American multi-national consumer goods company headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, founded in 1837 by British American William Procter and Irish American James Gamble. It mainly specializes in various kinds of cleaning materials and personal care and hygienic products. Before the sale of Pringles to Kellogg Company, his product portfolio also included food, snacks, and drinks.
In 2014, P & amp; G recorded $ 83.1 billion in sales. On August 1, 2014, P & amp; G announced it is simplifying the company, dropping and selling about 100 brands from its product portfolio to focus on the remaining 65 brands, generating 95% of the company's profits. A.G. Lafley - corporate chairman, president and CEO until October 31, 2015 - says P & amp; G the future will be "a much simpler, much more complex enterprise of leading brands that are more manageable and operational".
David Taylor is the president and CEO of Procter & amp; Gambling.
Video Procter & Gamble
Histori
Origins
Candle maker William Procter, born in England, and soap maker James Gamble, born in Ireland, both emigrated from the UK. They settled in Cincinnati initially and met when they married Olivia's sister and Elizabeth Norris. Alexander Norris, their father-in-law, held a meeting where he persuaded his new son-in-law to become a business partner. On 31 October 1837, as a result of the suggestion, Procter & amp; Gambling was created.
In 1858-1859, sales reached $ 1 million. At that time, about 80 employees worked for Procter & amp; Gamble. During the American Civil War, the company won a contract to supply Union Army with soap and candles. In addition to the increase in profits experienced during the war, military contracts introduced soldiers from across the country to Procter & amp; Gamble Products.
In the 1880s, Procter & amp; Gamble began marketing new products, cheap soaps floating in the water. The company called Ivory soap. William Arnett Procter, the grandson of William Procter, started a profit-sharing program for the company in 1887. By giving workers a stake in the company, he correctly assumed that they would tend to go on strike.
The company started building factories elsewhere in the United States as demand for products has exceeded the capacity of the Cincinnati facility. Corporate leaders began to diversify their products, as well, and in 1911, began producing Crisco, a shortening made from vegetable oils rather than animal fats. When radio became more popular in the 1920s and 1930s, the company sponsored a number of radio programs. As a result, these events often become known as "soap operas".
International expansion
The company moved to another country, both in terms of manufacturing and product sales, into an international company with its 1930 acquisition of Thomas Hedley Co., based in Newcastle on Tyne, England. After this acquisition, Procter & amp; Gamble had their English Headquarters at 'Hedley House' in Newcastle upon Tyne, until recently. Many new products and brand names are introduced from time to time, and Procter & amp; Gamble starts branching out into new areas. The company introduced Tide laundry detergent in 1946 and Prell Shampoo in 1947. In 1955, Procter & amp; Gamble began selling the first toothpaste containing fluoride, known as Crest. Branching once again in 1957, the company purchased the Charmin paper mill and began producing toilet paper and other tissue paper products. Again focus on Laundry, Procter & amp; Gamble began making Downy fabric softener in 1960 and the fabric softener sheet of Bounce in 1972.
One of the most revolutionary products on the market is the company's disposable diapers, first marketed in 1961, the same year Procter & amp; Gamble comes out with Head & amp; Shoulder. Before this point, disposable diapers were not popular, although Johnson & amp; Johnson has developed a product called Chux. Babies always wear cloth diapers, which leak and wasteful labor to wash. Pampers provide a convenient alternative, albeit at the expense of more environmental waste that requires landfilling.
Further developments
Procter & amp; Gamble acquired a number of other companies that diversified its product lines and significantly increased profits. These acquisitions include Folgers Coffee, Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals (makers of Pepto-Bismol), Richardson-Vicks, Noxell (Noxzema), Old Spice Shulton, Max Factor, Iams Company, and Pantene, among others. In 1994, the company made headlines for major losses resulting from leverage positions in interest rate derivatives, and then sued Bankers Trust for fraud; this puts their management in an unusual position in testifying in court that they have entered a transaction they are unable to understand. In 1996, P & amp; G again made headlines when the Food and Drug Administration approved a new product developed by the company, Olestra. Also known by its brand name 'Olean', Olestra is a low-calorie replacement for fat in cooking potato chips and other snacks.
In January 2005, P & amp; G announced the acquisition of Gillette, forming the largest consumer goods company and placing Unilever in second place. These additional brands such as Gillette, Duracell, Braun, and Oral-B razors are stable. The acquisition is approved by the European Union and the Federal Trade Commission, provided that spin-off certain brands overlap. P & amp; G agreed to sell the SpinBrush battery-operated electric toothbrush business to Church & amp; Dwight, and Rembrandt Gillette tooth lines to Johnson & amp; Johnson. The Right Guard, Soft and Dri deodorant brands, and Dry Idea are sold to Dial Corporation. The companies officially joined on October 1, 2005. Liquid paper and Gillette stationery division, Paper Mate, were sold to Newell Rubbermaid. In 2008, P & amp; G branched into the recording business with his sponsor for Tag Records, in support of TAG Body Spray.
Domination P & amp; G in many categories of consumer products make their brand management decisions worthy of study. For example, company strategy P & amp; G must take into account the possibility of one of their products cancels the sales of the other party.
On August 25, 2009, Irish pharmaceutical company Warner Chilcott announced that they had purchased a P & G worth $ 3.1 billion.
P & amp; G quit the food business in 2012 when selling Pringles's snack business to Kellogg's for $ 2.75 billion after a $ 2.35 billion deal with a former Diamond Foods broker failed. The company has previously sold Jif peanut butter, shortening and Crisco oil, and Folgers coffee in separate transactions for Smucker.
In April 2014, the company sold the Iams pet food business in all markets except Europe to Mars, Inc. worth $ 2.9 billion. It sold the European Iams business to Spectrum Brands in December 2014.
Restructuring
In August 2014, P & amp; G announced it is simplifying the company, dropping about 100 brands and concentrating on the remaining 65, which generates 95% of the company's profits.
In March 2015, the company announced the sale of liquid inhalation Vicks VapoSteam AS business to Helen of Troy, part of the brand restructuring operation. This deal is the first health-related divestment under a brand restructuring operation.
In July 2015, the company announced the sale of its 43 beauty brands to Coty, a beauty products manufacturer, in a deal worth US $ 13 billion. He cited the slow growth of the beauty division as the reason for the divestment. Sales completed on October 3, 2016.
In February 2016, P & amp; G completed Duracell transfer to Berkshire Hathaway via stock exchange.
In April 2018, Reuters reported that Procter & amp; Gamble will buy Merck Group consumer health division for EUR3.4 billion euros (Ã, £ 2.96 billion, $ 4.2 billion).
Maps Procter & Gamble
Operation
On July 1, 2016, the company structure has been categorized into ten categories and six sales organizations and markets.
- Category
- Baby Care
- Fabric Treatment
- Family Care
- Feminine Treatment
- Caring for
- Hair Care
- Home Maintenance
- Mouth Treatment
- Personal Health Care
- Skin & amp; Personal Care
- Sell & amp; Market Organization
- Asia Pacific
- Europe
- Greater China
- India, Middle East, and Africa (IMEA)
- Latin America
- North America
Management and staff
Dewan direksi Procter & amp; Gamble saat ini memiliki 13 anggota.
- Frank Blake
- Angela Braly
- Amy L. Chang
- Kenneth Chenault
- Scott Cook
- Joseph Jimenez
- Terry J. Lundgren
- W. James McNerney, Jr.
- Nelson Peltz
- David S. Taylor
- Meg Whitman
- Patricia A. Woertz
- Ernesto Zedillo
In May 2011, Fortune Editor-at-Large Patricia Sellers praised the diversity of P & amp; G, because five of the company's 11 directors are currently women and all have been on Fortune 's annual list of the Most Influential Women.
In March 2011, Rajat Gupta resigned from the board after the SEC's indictment of Galleon Group's trading.
In May 2013, Robert A. McDonald announced his resignation and was replaced by A.G. Lafley, who returned as chairman, president, and CEO.
Procter & amp; Gamble is a member of the US Global Leadership Coalition, a Washington-based coalition of over 400 large corporations and NGOs advocating a larger international affairs budget, funding US diplomatic and development efforts abroad.
Company introduction
Fortune Magazine provides P & amp; G top spot on the "Global Top Companies for Leaders" list, and ranked the company in 15th place from the list of "World's Most Admired Companies". Chief Executive Magazine named P & amp; G is the best overall company for leadership development in the "40 Best Companies for Leaders" list.
In October 2008, P & amp; G was named one of "100 Best Canadian Entrepreneurs" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and is featured in Maclean's newsmagazine. Later that month, P & amp; G is also named as one of Toronto's Best Entrepreneurs, announced by Toronto Star newspaper.
In October 2013, the company was named the most desirable company in the world according to analytical data sourced from Linkedin.
In August 2013, P & amp; G was named the 14th most difficult company to interview by Glassdoor. In November 2013, Glassdoor also named them as the top 25 companies for career opportunities. In February 2014, Glassdoor put P & amp; G 34 on their Yearly Work Best list.
In November 2014, P & amp; G appears open to support same-sex marriage in a statement made by William Gipson, head of global diversity P & amp; G.
In November 2015, P & amp; G is named Career in the African Choice Company 2015 after a survey of over 13,000 African professionals from around the world. P & amp; G is also recognized as the most desirable FMCG business to work in Africa.
In 2016 and 2017, P & amp; G is recognized as one of the World's Most Forrated Corporations.
Brand
By 2015, 21 brands of P & amp; G has more than a billion dollars in net annual sales. Most of these brands - including Bounty, Crest, and Tide - are global products available on multiple continents. Product P & amp; G is available in North America, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
P & amp; G's baby, feminine, and family care divisions accounted for 29% of the company's total net sales, the highest of all divisions. The division includes Always, Bounty, Charmin, and Pampers.
According to Advertising Age , Procter & amp; Gamble spent $ 4.3 billion to advertise their brands in the United States in 2015, making it the top advertiser in the country.
Manufacturing operations based in these countries:
- Jordan
- Tunisia
Productions
Procter & amp; Gamble produced and sponsored the first radio drama series in the 1930s. Since the company is known for its detergents, the series is known as "soap opera". With the advent of television in the 1950s and 1960s, most of the new series were sponsored and produced by the company (including The Guiding Light), which began in 1937 as a radio series, and made the transition to television on 1952). Although P & amp; G-produced the last show, As The World Turns, leaving the air in 2010, The Young and the Restless , produced by Sony Pictures Television and broadcast on CBS, still sponsored in part by Procter & amp; Gamble; in 2017, this is the only remaining daytime drama sponsored by Procter & amp; Gamble.
The last series was produced by Procter & amp; Gamble:
Procter & amp; Gamble is also the first company to produce and sponsor the prime-time series, spin-off 1965 When The World Turns Our Personal World >. In 1979, PGP produced Shirley , the main NBC-time series starring Shirley Jones, which lasted 13 episodes. They also produced the first original comedy series TBS, Down to Earth , which lasted from 1984 to 1987 (110 episodes produced). They also distribute syndicated comedy series Throb . In 1985, they produced a game-play pilot called The Buck Stops Here with Taft Entertainment Television in 1985, hosted by Jim Peck; it was not taken. Procter & amp; Gamble Productions was originally produced with Dawson's Creek with Sony Pictures Television but resigned before the inaugural series due to an initial press review. They also produced the 1991 TV A Triumph of the Heart: The Ricky Bell Story, produced jointly by The Landsburg Company, and continue to produce the People's Choice Awards.
In 2013, PGP renamed Procter & amp; Gamble Entertainment (PGE) with a new logo and an emphasis on the production of multi-platform entertainment.
Sponsor
In addition to self-produced items through PGE, Procter & amp; Gamble also supports many Spanish-language novels through advertising on all networks: UnivisiÃÆ'³n, Telemundo, Galavision, UniMÃÆ'¡s, Estrella TV, MundoMax, and Azteca America. Procter & amp; Gamble was one of the first major advertisers on Spanish-language TV during the mid-1980s.
In 2008, P & amp; G expanded into a music sponsor when joining Island Def Jam to create Tag Records, named after the body sprays earned P & amp; G from Gillette. In April 2010, after the cancellation of When the World Turns , PGP announced that they would stop the production of soap operas and expand into more family-friendly programs.
Procter & amp; Gamble also gave $ 100,000 to Cycle 1 winners from 3 of Next Top Model Canada , where Andrea Muizelaar, Rebecca Hardy, and Meaghan Waller won the prize.
Procter & amp; Gamble has been a major sponsor of the Summer Games since 2012. It sponsored 150 athletes in London matches that year. They have also sponsored the Winter Olympics since 2014. It will do so at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in addition to the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. Corporate sponsors include television commercials where Olympic athletes are portrayed as children to convey the feeling that the mothers of these athletes still remember them as babies; Other advertisements emphasize how Olympic mothers stand next to their children through years of training until the success of the Olympics. The 2016 advertisement for the Rio Games recorded turmoil as a youth by American gymnasts, Chinese swimmers, Brazilian football players, and German sprinters. All advertisements use prominent usage of orchestral lanes Ludovico Einaudi "Divenire" and associated instrumental.
The company has actively developed or sponsored a number of online communities, e.g. BeingGirl.com (launched in 2000) and Women.com. In 2000, the company had 72 "very stylish destination sites".
Controversy
Price settings
As of April 2011, P & amp; G fined 211.2 million euros by the European Commission to form a pricing cartel to launder powder in Europe along with Unilever, fined 104 euros, and Henkel (not fined). Although the fine was set higher initially, it was discounted by 10% after P & amp; G and Unilever admitted running the cartel. As the tip providers leading to the investigation, Henkel is not fined.
Shock and tampon syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a disease caused by strains of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus . Most people have bacteria that live on their bodies as harmless commensals in places like nose, skin, and vagina. This disease can affect anyone, not just women, but the disease is often associated with tampons. In 1980, 814 TSS cases associated with menstruation were reported; 38 deaths caused by the disease. The majority of women in this case are documented using super-absorbent synthetic tampons, especially Rely tampons made by Procter & amp; Gamble. Tampon Rely is so super-absorbent that in itself can, in fact, restrain one whole woman's menstrual flow. Unlike other tampons made of cotton and rayon, Use carboxymethylcellulose and polyester granules that are compressed for absorption.
In the summer of 1980, the Centers for Disease Control released a report explaining how this bacterial mechanism leads to TSS. They also stated that Rely tampon is associated with TSS over other branded tampons. In September 1980, Procter & amp; Gamble voluntarily pulled Rely's brand slap from the market and agreed to provide a program to inform consumers. Since the 1980s, reported cases of TSS have dropped dramatically.
Animal testing
On June 30, 1999, Procter & amp; Gamble announced that it would limit its animal testing practices to food and pharmaceutical products representing less than 20% of its product portfolio. The company invested more than $ 275 million in the development of alternative testing methods.
Procter & amp; Gamble has received criticism from PETA's animal advocacy group for animal testing practices.
Other products
In 2002, P & amp; G sued for advertising that wrongly suggests to consumers that Prilosec medicine can cure heartburn in a day. In December 2005, Pharma & amp; G was involved in a research dispute involving Actonel's osteoporosis drug. This case is discussed in the media.
Myth logo
P & amp; G originated from 1851 as a crude cross that crashed into workers in the Ohio River painted on the case of P & amp; G to identify them. P & amp; G then turns this symbol into a trademark that shows a man on the moon facing 13 stars, saying to commemorate 13 original colonies.
The company received unwanted media publicity in the 1980s because rumors, widespread by Amway distributors, that the moon-and-stars logo is a demonic symbol. The charge is based on a particular passage in the Bible, especially Revelation 12: 1, which states: "And there arose a great miracle in heaven: a woman dressed with the sun, the moon under her feet and on her head a crown of 12 stars." P & amp; G consists of the face of a man on the moon surrounded by 13 stars. Some people claim that the logo is a mockery of the heavenly symbols alluded to in the above-mentioned verse, thus interpreting the logo into a demon. Where the flowing beard fills the surrounding circle, three curls are said to be a mirror image of the number <666 , or the number reflected from the animal. At the top and bottom, the hair curls to itself and is said to be two horns like a ram. The month-and-star logo was suspended in 1985 in an unsuccessful attempt to overturn the rumors.
This interpretation has been rejected by company officials and there is no evidence linking the company to the Church of Satan or any other occult organization ever presented. The company failed to sue Amway from 1995 to 2003 due to rumors being transmitted through the company's voice-mail system in 1995. In 2007, the company successfully sued Amway's individual distributors to revive and spread false rumors. Church of Satan denied supported by Procter & amp; Gamble.
​​â € <â €
According to a 2016 report by Amnesty International, a provider of palm oil Wilmar International, the world's largest palm oil grower by 2016 and a supplier of raw materials for Procter & amp; Gambling, benefiting from 8 to 14 years of child labor and forced labor. Some workers are blackmailed, threatened, or unpaid for work. Some workers also suffered severe injuries from toxic chemicals.
References
Further reading
- McGuigan, Lee, "Procter & Gamble, The Mass Media, and Making of American Life," Media, Culture and Society 37 (September 2015), 887-903.
- John Kominicki, "Candle and Soap James Gamble Sucks Profits: Doing It Right: He helps put P & D on an ethical path upward", Los Angeles: Investor Business Daily, March 6 , 2015, p. A3.
External links
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments