The Yorkshire Terrier is a small terrier type of dog, developed during the 19th century in Yorkshire, England, to catch mice in a clothing factory. Ideally the maximum size is 7 pounds (3.2 kg), although some may exceed this and grow to 18 pounds (8.2 kg). It is placed in the Toy Terrier section of the Terrier Group by FÃÆ' Â © dation Cynologique Internationale and in the Toy Group or Group Companion by other kennel clubs, including the American Kennel Club. The popular companion dog, the Yorkshire Terrier has also become part of the development of other breeds, such as the Australian Silky Terrier. He has a gray, black, and brown coat, and his nickname is Yorkie.
Video Yorkshire Terrier
History
The Yorkshire Terrier (also called "Yorkie") originates from Yorkshire, a county in northern England (and adjacent Lancashire). In the mid-19th century, workers from Scotland came to Yorkshire to look for work and brought several different terrier varieties. Breeding of Yorkshire Terrier "is basically achieved by people - mostly cooperatives in cotton and wool factories - in the county of Yorkshire and Lancashire." The details are rare. Mrs A. Foster was quoted as saying in 1886, "If we consider that factory co-operatives derived from breeds... almost all fools, are not accustomed to providing information for public use, we may see some reason why reliable facts have not been easy achieved. "
This breed comes from three different dogs, a male named Old Crab, a female named Kitty, and another woman whose name is unknown. The Paisley Terrier, a smaller version of the Skye Terrier bred for a beautiful long silk coat, was also found in early dogs. Some authorities believe that the Maltese were also used. "They were all originally raised from Scotch Terriers (note: meaning dogs from Scotland, not Scottish Terriers today) and shown like that... the name of the Yorkshire Terrier is given to them because they are being repaired so much in Yorkshire." The Yorkshire Terrier is featured in the category of dog show (class) at the time called "Rough and Broken-coated, Broch-haired Scotch and Yorkshire Terriers". Hugh Dalziel, writing in 1878, said that "the classification of these dogs in the show and in the Book Stud Kennel Club is confusing and absurd" in unifying these different species.
In the early days of breeding, "almost anything in the form of Terriers who have a long coat with blue color on the body and yellowish brown or silver head and feet, with anchored tails and ear cut, received and admired as a Yorkshire Terrier. But in the late 1860s, the famous Yorkshire Terrier dog named Paersley named Huddersfield Ben, owned by a woman living in Yorkshire, Mary Ann Foster, was spotted at dog shows throughout the United Kingdom, defining breeds for the Yorkshire Terrier.
Huddersfield Ben
Huddersfield Ben is a famous dog. His portrait was painted by George Earl and in 1891 the authority on writing descent, "Huddersfield Ben is the best stud dog of his breed during his lifetime, and one of the most remarkable dogs of any kind of pet ever lived, and most specimens of today's show have one or more blood crosses in their genealogies. "The event winner, Huddersfield Ben is quickly becoming the kind of dog that everyone wants, and through his children has defined the kind we know today. He is still referred to as "the father of the breed."
In North America
The Yorkshire Terrier was introduced in North America in 1872 and the Yorkshire Terrier first registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1885. During the Victorian era, the Yorkshire Terrier was a popular pet and dog in England, and when Americans embraced the Victorian Habit, also they embrace the Yorkshire Terrier. The popularity of the breed was dipped in the 1940s, when the percentage of registered small dogs fell to an 18% all-time low of the total enrollment. Smoky, Yorkshire Terrier and famous war dog of World War II, are credited with initiating renewal of interest in this breed. The American Kennel Club places the Yorkshire Terrier as the 6th most popular pure breed in the United States in 2012 and 2013.
Maps Yorkshire Terrier
Symbol
For the adult Yorkshire Terrier, the importance is placed on feather color, quality, and texture. The hair should be shiny, smooth, straight, and smooth. Traditionally, the coat has grown very long and is split in the middle of the back, but "never block the movement."
From the back of the neck to the base of the tail, the coat should be dark gray to black, and the hair on the tail should be darker black. In the head, chest height and legs, the hair should be light brown, rich in brown, darker at the root than in the center, which is shaded to light brown at the edges but not for all dogs. Also, in adult dogs there should be no black hair mixed with brown fur.
An adult Yorkshire Terrier that has other fur colors than the ones mentioned above, or who have a wool or extra fine coat, is still a Yorkshire Terriers. The only difference is that an unusual Yorkshire Terrier should not be accidentally raised. In addition, treatment may be more difficult for a "woolly" or "cottony" textured coat, or a coat that is too fine. One reason given for not breeding "off-colored" Yorkies is that color can be a potential indicator of genetic defects that can affect dog health, careful health checks can clarify if there are health risks. The coat may vary in color. For example, an adult Yorkie may have a silver/blue color with light brown while others may have black and cream.
The long coat on the Yorkshire Terrier means that this breed requires regular brushing.
Hypoallergenic coat
The distinctive, smooth, and delicate Yorkshire Terrier coat has also been listed by many popular dog information sites as hypoallergenic. Compared to many other breeds, Yorkies do not drip to the same level, only losing a small amount when bathed or brushed. and it is dog hair and saliva that triggers most allergic reactions. Allergies recognize that sometimes a certain allergy patient will be able to tolerate certain dogs, but they agree that "some luck with their pets can not be stretched to fit everyone who is allergic and whole dog breeds." The Yorkshire Terrier coat is said to fall off only when brushed or broken, or simply said not to be spilled. Although none of these statements agree with what biologists, veterinarians, and allergies know about dog hair, allergies "think there is a difference in protein production between dogs that can help one patient and not another."
Other colors
The Yorkshire Terrier is a brown dog with a blue saddle. Particolours exist, although they are not true for breed standards. The partum layers are white with black/blue and brown. White is caused by Piebald-gen recessive. Very rarely get a particle, and if found, the price is very expensive. Some Yorkshire Terriers are golden, they produce only pheomelanin, others are heart or brown, brown; they produce only chocolate eumelanin but can not produce black eumelanin. This breed is determined by its color, and the non-standard color may indicate health problems or cross-breeding with other breeds of other colors. The AKC enrollment form for the Yorkshire Terriers allows for four options: blue and brown, blue and gold, black and brown, black and gold. Color alone will not affect whether the dog is a friend and a good pet. Although the colorless Yorkshire Terriers are advertised at a premium price, their unusual or atypical colors are not brand new, desirable, or exotic.
Until now, uncooperative Yorkshire Terriers can be crossed with Biewer Terriers, a new breed from Germany from the breasted Yorkshire Terrier. Although the American Kennel Club will not refuse enrollment of the Yorkshire Terrier with color alone, meaning that the particle can now be registered with AKC, the Yorkshire Terrier Club of America has a clue that "solid color or combination of colors other than black and brown" for adult dogs is disqualification, and "dogs with solid colors, unusual color combinations, and particles should be disqualified."
Dog coat
It may take three or more years for the mantle to reach its final color. The last color is usually black/gray. PH Combs, writing in 1891, complained about the victory granted to the puppy, when the dog's coat did not fully fit for three or four years, "and the honor of winning such a reward (for puppies) can therefore be but little practical benefit for owner "because the color of an adult dog can not be precisely predicted.
Coat Treatment
Owners can cut short hairs for easier maintenance. For performances, the mantle is left in length, and can be trimmed to floor length to provide ease of movement and a neater appearance. Hair on the legs and the tip of the ear can also be trimmed. Traditional long coat of very high maintenance. The coat may be knotted if not brushed every day. To prevent damage, the coat can be wrapped in rice paper, tissue paper, or plastic, after oiling lightly with coat oil. Oil should be washed once a month and the wrapping should be repaired periodically for a week to prevent it from sliding down and damaging the hair. Treatment of complicated dates from the early days of the breed. In 1878, John Walsh described the same preparations: "well-oiled" mantle with coconut oil, dogs washed weekly, and dog legs "carefully stored in stockings."
Temperament
The ideal Yorkshire Terrier or "personality" character is described as "very upright wagon" and "conveying important air." Though small, the Yorkshire Terrier is active, very overprotective, curious, and likes attention. Mentally healthy and emotionally safe should not show tender temperament subject to dog laps though many exhibit this behavior due to improper training. Therefore, it is recommended that Yorkie will not be suitable for homes with typical young children. Instead, they make ideal friends for older families with many well-reputed breeders routinely staying in families with children older than about 8 years old for dog comfort, but more for the benefit of the child.
The Yorkshire Terrier is a type of dog that is easy to train. This results from their own nature to work without human assistance. They are naturally intelligent and fast learning with plenty of food and or motivated praise. Because they are developed as many working breeds require a lot of physical and mental stimulation - either by walking/running long but also indoor games and training to keep their minds busy. They are known to be yappy, but many report that satisfied Yorkie is the quiet one - who will happily curl up on your knee at night. Of course, it should be noted that they are all individuals, with some being much more relaxed than others and breeders can ideally advise on the needs and temperaments of their particular path. Yorkies are adaptable to all environments, traveling well and making pets suitable for many homes. Because of their small size, they require limited practice but need daily interaction with people. They thrive with attention and love. Yet many people are paying attention to other dogs and prefer to stay close to their humans for convenience.
The Yorkshire Terrier does tend to bark a lot. This makes them an excellent supervisor because they will sound an alarm when there is a close. However, this barking problem can be overcome with proper training and training.
The Yorkshire Terriers are ranked 34th in Stanley Coren Dog Intelligence .
Health
Common health problems seen in the Yorkshire Terrier include bronchitis, lymphangiectasia, portosystemic shunting, cataracts, and keratitis sicca. In addition, Yorkies often have a complicated digestive system, with vomiting or diarrhea resulting from the consumption of food outside of the usual diet. The relatively small size of the Yorkshire Terrier means that it usually has poor tolerance for anesthesia. In addition, dog toys such as Yorkie are more likely to be hurt by falling, other dogs and owner's rigidity. Injection reactions (inflammation or hair loss at the injection site) may occur. In addition, allergies can cause dry, itchy and/or red skin.
The lifetime of Yorkie is 13-20 years. Yorkies of size (3 pounds or less) generally have shorter life spans, as they are very susceptible to health problems such as chronic diarrhea and vomiting; even more sensitive to anesthesia; and more easily hurt.
Dental
Like all other dogs, Yorkies have two sets of teeth in their lives. The first set of teeth is a 28-piece decidual teeth (often referred to as "milk teeth", "baby teeth" or "puppy teeth"). The second set is 42 permanent or adult teeth. Sometimes the number of permanent or adult teeth can vary, which is fine as long as they do not cause a bad bite. When puppies are born, they have no teeth because milk is the only food they need. The oldest teeth will grow from the age of 3 to 8 weeks, in order of incisors, fangs and premolars. The Yorkie kids do not have molars. The Yorkie boys will begin to lose their first teeth or baby teeth when permanent or adult teeth appear. Grows up or permanently when Yorkie kids are 4 to 8 months old. Approximately 8 months, the teeth should be fully developed. Permanent or adult teeth will grow in order of incisors, canine teeth, premolars and molar. Molar teeth will develop at about 6 to 8 months of age.
Yorkies and other small dog races may have problems if the primary or infant teeth do not fall off when the teeth are permanent or grown. This is because the new teeth do not grow just below the oldest teeth. (Normally, the puppy's body will absorb the roots of the puppy's teeth.) If the puppy's tooth does not give up to the incoming teeth, it must be removed because it can cause poor malocclusion or bites. Detained teeth can cause tooth decay because food can be easily captured between primary and permanent teeth. Sometimes a new tooth is forced to grow into an abnormal position and cause a bad bite. Detained teeth can remain or fall for weeks after new teeth develop. If necessary, the first tooth or the remaining baby should be removed surgically.
Like other small breeds, Yorkies are also susceptible to severe dental disease. Because they have small jaws, their teeth can become overcrowded and may not fall naturally. This can cause food and plaque to accumulate, and bacteria may eventually develop on the tooth surface, leading to periodontal disease. In addition, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause heart and kidney problems. The best prevention is to brush your teeth regularly with specially formulated toothpaste for dogs. Human toothpaste is not recommended, because the foam is easier and may be swallowed. Professional dental cleaning by veterinarians may also be necessary to prevent the development of dental problems.
Genetic defects
Certain genetic disorders can be found in the Yorkshire Terriers, including distichiasis, hydrocephalus, nest hypoplasia, Legg-Calvà ©  © -Perthes syndrome, glossy patella, portosystemic shunt, retinal dysplasia, tracheal collapse, and bladder stones. Here is one of the most common defects that affect Yorkie.
- Distichiae, eyelashes arising from abnormal places (usually the meibom gland ducts at the edges of the eyelids), are often found in the Yorkies. Distichiae can irritate the eyes and cause tearing, narrowing, inflammation, corneal abrasions or corneal ulcers, and scarring. Treatment options may include manual removal, electrolysis, or surgery.
- Petal hypoplasia is a non-forming pivot point of the second cervical vertebra, which causes spinal cord damage. The onset of the condition can occur at any age, producing signs ranging from neck pain to quadriplegia. Legg-Calvà ©  © -Perthes syndrome, which causes the top of the femur (thigh bone) to degenerate, occurs in the Yorkies on certain lines. This condition appears to be caused by insufficient circulation to the area around the hip joint. When the blood supply is reduced, the bone in the head of the femur faints and dies and the surrounding cartilage becomes cracked and deformed. Usually this disease occurs when Yorkie is young (between five and eight months); signs are pain, limp, or imbalance. Standard treatment is surgery to remove the affected part of the bone. After surgery, the muscles hold the femur in place and fibrous tissue forms in the elevation area to prevent bone rubbing on the bone. Although the affected foot will be slightly shorter than before surgery, Yorkie may regain normal use.
- Luxating patellas (slipping kneecaps) are another common flaw that is considered genetic in Yorkies, although it may also be caused by an accidental fall. Ligaments and tendons are weak on the curve of the knee (or shallow) patella, allowing the patella to come out from its side to the side. This causes the foot to 'lock' with the feet held from the ground. A dog with this problem may often experience pain and lameness or may be distracted by it only on occasion. Over time, the patellar bulge may become faded, making the grooves more shallow and causing the dog to become increasingly paralyzed. Surgery is the primary care option available to clean the patella, although it is not necessary for any dog ​​with the condition. The level of refined patellar smoothness is on a scale of 1-4, with 4 being the most severe. Many dogs will not grow through stage 1 or 2.
- Portosystemic shaft, congenital malformations of portal vessels (which carry blood to the liver for cleaning), are also common in Yorkies. In this condition some blood of the dog passes through the heart and "dirty" blood continues to poison the heart, brain, lungs, and other organs with poison. A Yorkie with this condition may show a variety of symptoms, such as small stature, poor appetite, weak muscle development, decreased learning ability, poor coordination, occasionally vomiting and diarrhea, behavioral abnormalities, seizures (especially after meals) and blindness, which can lead to coma and death. Often, shunts can be treated with surgery.
- The trachea collapses, caused by the progressive weakening of the tracheal wall, occur in many toy breeds, especially the very small Yorkies. As a result of genetics, the tracheal wall can become soft, a condition that becomes more severe with age. Cushing's syndrome, a disorder that causes excessive production of steroid hormones by the adrenal gland, can also weaken the cartilage and cause tracheal collapse. It is possible that the physical strain on the neck may cause or cause a collapse of the trachea. Since this is usually caused by the energetic Yorkie pulling up his collar, many veterinarians recommend the use of armor to walk tied. Sometimes, a "goose honking" cough, especially during activity or excitement, is usually the first sign of the condition. Over time, coughing can become almost constant in later life of Yorkie. Inhaling the collapsed (or partially collapsing) tracheal obstruction for many years can lead to complications, including chronic lung disease. Cough can be treated with cough and bronchodilator suppressants. If collapse progresses and is unresponsive to drugs, sometimes surgery can repair the trachea.
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar in puppies, or temporary adolescent hypoglycemia, is caused by fasting (too much time between meals). In rare cases hypoglycemia can continue to be a problem in adults, usually very small, Yorkies. This is often seen in Yorkie children at 5 to 16 weeks of age. Very small orphan children especially tend to hypoglycemia due to lack of muscle mass makes it difficult to store glucose and regulate blood sugar. Factors such as stress, fatigue, cold environment, poor nutrition, and changes in diet or eating schedule can lead to hypoglycemia. Low blood sugar can also be the result of a bacterial infection, parasite, or portosystemic liver shunt. Hypoglycemia causes puppies to become drowsy, lethargic (glassy-eyed), trembling, uncoordinated, because the brain depends on sugar to function. During a hypoglycemic attack, puppies usually have very pale or gray gums. The puppy may also not eat unless force-fed. Hypoglycemia and dehydration seem to go hand in hand, and force-feeding or injecting fluids may also be necessary. In addition, hypoglycemic Yorkie may have lower than normal body temperature and, in extreme cases, may have seizures or go into a coma. Dogs that show symptoms should be given sugars in the form of corn syrup or Nutri-Cal and treated promptly by a veterinarian, due to prolonged or repeated attacks of hypoglycemia can permanently damage the brain of the dog. In severe cases can be fatal.
Docking
Traditionally, the Yorkshire Terrier's tail is anchored to medium. The opposition to this practice began very early in the history of the breed; Hugh Dalziel, writing about the Yorkshire Terriers in 1878, stated that "There is no reason to cut a pet dog, and perfect ears and tails should be bred, not cut with scissors." The American Kennel Club and the Canadian Kennel club still require Yorkie's tail to dock in order to compete in its events. The majority of other countries in the world have adopted the rule of "no docking/no cropping". Often, the Yorkshire Terrier dewclaws, if any, are removed in the first few days of life, another controversial practice.
Breeds and similar crosses
Type of Yorkshire Terrier comes from a larger Scottish descent but is similar to the now extinct Paisley Terrier and Skye Terrier. In turn, other breeds have been created from the Yorkshire Terrier, such as the Australian Silky Terrier. The demand for unusual pets has caused high prices to be paid for Yorkshire Terriers that are crossed with other breeds, depicted with the word portmanteau consisting of syllables (or sounds) of the Yorkshire Terrier and the name of the other breeds. Some of these cross-named portmanteau can be found on the crossbreeds list of dogs.
Two other breeds that look similar to the Yorkshire Terrier and both have short hair are the Norwich Terrier, along with its drop-eared varieties on the Norfolk Terrier. Another is the Biewer Terrier originating from the Yorkshire Terrier. The Biewer Terrier, who grew up from their blue, white, and gold puppies was later named Schneeflocken von Friedheck, by Mr. and Mrs. Biewer from Germany. is considered a variation of the Yorkshire Terrier but has since been recognized as a separate breed by many kennel clubs including the American Kennel Club (AKC).
"Teacup Yorkies"
"Teacup" The Yorkshire terrier is the term used to describe a very small Yorkshire terrier. AKC and other kennel clubs do not recognize Teacup as a variation of this breed or recognize it as a separate variety. Usually tea cups are dogs that weigh less than 4 pounds (1.8 kg) when they grow up, when actual breed standards are given at 7 pounds maximum. Breeding for "Teacup" is a controversial practice that is not driven by responsible farmers.
They were raised to attract attention with features like their dogs, rather than being raised to avoid health problems. There is a great risk for dams (mothers) during pregnancies that are too small; most of these children are the result of caesarean section and have a high mortality rate.
There are many health problems associated with teacup dogs, such as expanding patellae, heart disease, hydrocephalus, hypoglycemia, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, open fontanel and seizures.
Yorkie meeting
The owners of Yorkie are very proud of their dog and relate well with other Yorkie owners. There are many meetings of Yorkies around the world, but they are very popular in New York City where there is a high concentration of Yorkies.
Notability
Show dogs
- In 1997, Champion Ozmilion Mystification became the first Yorkie to win Best in Show at Crufts, the biggest annual dog show in the world.
Small dog
- Sylvia, a Yorkshire Terrier matchbox size belonging to Arthur Marples from Blackburn, England, is the smallest recorded dog in history. The dog died in 1945 when he was two years old, where he stood 2.5 inches over his shoulders, measured 3.5 inches from tip of nose to tail, and weighed 4 ounces.
War dog
- Smoky, a war dog and a World War II hero, is owned by William Wynne of Cleveland, Ohio. Wynne adopted Smoky as he served with the 5th Air Force in the Pacific.
White House Dog
- Pasha, Tricia Nixon Cox Yorkie pet, lived in the White House during Richard Nixon's presidency.
See also
- The ancient district of England
- Dog farming
- Dog crossbreed
- Yorkipoo
References
External links
- Yorkshire Terrier in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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