A lye is a traditionally obtained metal hydroxide with wash ash (containing a lot of potassium carbonate or "potassium"), or strongly water-soluble strong alkali which results in a caustic base solution. "Lye" is generally an alternative name of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or historically potassium hydroxide (KOH), although the term "alkali" refers to each member of the various metal hydroxides.
Today, alkali is produced commercially using the process of cell membrane chloralkali. These are provided in various shapes such as flakes, pellets, microbeads, coarse powders or solutions.
Video Lye
Usage
Food
Lyes are used to cure various types of food, including traditional Nordic lutefisk, olives (make them less bitter), canned mandarin oranges, grits, lye roll, century eggs, pretzels, bagels and traditional Turkish pumpkin desserts (creating hard crust while parts in keeping it soft). They are also used as a softener in a baked Cantonese moon cake crust, in a "zongzi" (a glutinous rice cake wrapped in bamboo leaves), in the chewy southern Chinese noodles popular in Hong Kong and southern China, and Japanese ramen noodles. They are also used in kutsinta, a kind of rice cake from the Philippines along with pitsi-pitsÃÆ'®.
In the United States, lye food classes must meet the requirements outlined in the Food Chemicals Codex (FCC), as determined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lower alkali levels unsuitable for use in food preparation are commonly used as drain de-cloggers and oven cleaners.
Soap
Lye in the form of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soap. Potassium hydroxide soap is softer and more soluble in water than sodium hydroxide soap. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide can not be interchanged either in the required proportions or properties produced in soap making.
Soap making "hot process" also uses alkali as the main ingredient. Lye is added to water, cooled for several minutes and then added to oil and butter. The mixture is then cooked over a period of time (1-2 hours), usually in a slow cooker, and then placed into a mold. This method is much faster than the cold process, because it does not take several weeks to complete.
The ancient use of alkali for soap manufacture and as a detergent is the origin of the English word, derived from Proto-Germanic laugo and finally from the Proto-Indo-European root * leue - , " wash." Relatives in other Germanic languages, in addition to their words for alkali, include Scandinavian wording for Saturday ( laugardagur, lÃÆ'¶rdag, lÃÆ'¸rdag ), meaning "washing day".
Household
Lyes is also appreciated for its cleaning effect. Sodium hydroxide is generally the main constituent in commercial and industrial oven cleaners and clogged openers, due to its fat dissolving ability. Lyes breaks down the fat through the hydrolysis of the alkaline ester, producing a water-soluble residue that is easily removed by rinsing.
Digestive network
Sodium or potassium hydroxide can be used to digest animal carcass tissue. Often referred to as alkaline hydrolysis, the process involves placing a carcass or body into an enclosed space, adding a mixture of alkali and water and heat applications to speed up the process. After a few hours the room will contain a liquid with a coffee-like appearance, and the only remaining solid is a very delicate bone stomach of most calcium phosphates, which can be mechanically destroyed into fine powder with very little strength. Sodium hydroxide is often used in the process of decomposition of roadkill disposed of in landfills by animal disposal contractors. Because of its low cost and availability, it has also been used to dispose of corpses by criminals. Italian serial killer Leonarda Cianciulli uses this chemical to convert corpses into soap. In Mexico, a man working for a drug cartel claimed to have thrown more than 300 bodies with it.
Identification of mushrooms
A 3-10% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) gives a color change in some fungal species:
- In Agaricus , some species such as A. xantodermus yellow with KOH, many of which do not react, and A. subrutilescens turn green.
- Custom changes occur for some species Cortinarius and Boletes
View: Chemical test in mushroom identification
Maps Lye
Security
First aid
Sources recommend immediate removal of contaminated clothing/materials, gently brushing/removing excess skin, and then watering the exposure area with running water for 15-60 minutes while calling for emergency services.
Protection
Personal protective equipment including safety goggles, chemical resistant gloves, and adequate ventilation are required for safe handling of catfish. When located near the soluble alkali in an open water container, the use of a steam resistant face mask is recommended. Adding alkali to water too quickly can cause a boiling solution.
Storage
Dense Luces are deliquescents and have a strong affinity for air humidity. Solid pepper will dry or dissolve when exposed to open air, absorbing relatively large amounts of water vapor. Thus, lyes are stored in an airtight plastic container. Glass is not a good material to use as storage because it is slightly corrosive. Similar to other corrosives cases, the container should be labeled to indicate the potential hazards of the contents and kept away from children, pets, heat, and humidity.
Malicious reactions
The majority of safety issues with alkali are also common with most corrosion, such as potentially damaging effects on living tissue; examples are skin, flesh, and cornea. Solutions containing lyes can cause chemical burns, permanent injuries, scarring and blindness, immediately after contact. Lyes may be dangerous or even fatal if swallowed; consumption may cause oesophageal stricture. In addition, the dry lumen solvation is very exothermic; the heat generated may cause additional burns or burn combustible materials.
The reaction between sodium hydroxide and some metals is also dangerous. Aluminum reacts with lyes to produce hydrogen gas. Because hydrogen is highly flammable, mixing large amounts of alkali such as sodium hydroxide with aluminum in a hazardous closed container - especially when the system is at high temperatures, which speeds up the reaction. In addition to aluminum, lyes can also react with magnesium, zinc, lead, chromium, brass or bronze which produce hydrogen gas.
References
Further reading
- McDaniel, Robert (1997). Elegant Handmade Soap Art: Creating, Scenting, Coloring, and Shaping . Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN: 0-87341-832-8.
External links
- "Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act". US Food and Drug Administration.
- "Food Chemicals Codex". United States Pharmacopeia. Ã,
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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