A kilim (Azerbaijan: Kilim ????? , Turkish: Kilim , Turkmen: Kilim , Persian: ???? gel? m ) is a traditional rug carpet or rug carpet that is traditionally produced in the countries of the former Ottoman Empire, Iran, Azerbaijan and the Turkish countries of Central Asia. Kilims can be purely decorative or can function as a prayer rug. Modern kilims are popular floor coverings in Western households.
Video Kilim
Etymology
The term 'Kilim' comes from the Persian gel? M (????) where it means 'spread roughly', probably originated from Mongolia.
Maps Kilim
History
Like a pile carpet, kilim has been produced since ancient times. Explorers Mark Aurel Stein discovered the kilims dating from at least the fourth or fifth century in Hotan, China:
- "Because kilims are much more durable than carpets that have piles to protect the warp and weft, it is not surprising that some of the great ages remain.... The weave is almost identical to modern clothing, and has about fourteen threads warp and sixteen threads from feed to inches.This pattern consists of narrow stripes of blue, green, brownish yellow, and red, containing very small geometric designs.With the exception of this one, so distinctively preserved, there may be very little more than a century ago. "
Weaving techniques
Kilim is produced by tightly woven warp thread and weft woven yarn to produce a flat surface without piles. The Kilim weaving is a woven rug, a woven flat weave technically, that is, the horizontal weft strands are pulled down so they hide the vertical weft strands.
When the edge of the color boundary is reached, the weft thread is wound back from the boundary point. So, if the boundary of the plane is a straight vertical line, a vertical gap is formed between two different color areas where they meet. For this reason, most kilims can be classified as "slit woven" textiles. Gaps are loved by collectors, as they produce very sharp designs, emphasizing woven geometry. Weaving strategies to avoid gaping, such as locking each other, result in a more vague design image.
The feed yarn, which carries the design and the visible color, is almost always wool, while the hidden fiber strand can be wool or cotton. The warp strands are only visible at the ends, where they appear as fringe. These edges are usually tied in bunches, to ensure loosening or unrolling.
Motive
Many motifs are used in Turkish kilims, each with many variations. A few examples are illustrated here, with the meaning as described by GÃÆ'¼ran Erbek at Kilim . Motifs that are widely used are elibelinde, the figure of a stylish woman, mother and fertility. Another motif expresses the wishes of the tribal weavers to protect their family's cattle from wolves with wolf-mouth or wolf-foot motif (Turkish: Kurt A? Zi, Kurt? Zi), or for safety from scorpion stings (Turkey: Akrep). Some motifs wish for the safety of the weaver's family of evil eyes (Turkey: Nazarl? K, also used as a motif), which can be divided into four with the symbol of the cross (Turkish: HaÃÆ'§), or avoided with hook symbol (Turkish: ÃÆ' â € Engels), human eyes (Turkish: GÃÆ'¶z), or amulets (Turkish: Muska, often, triangular packages containing the scriptures). That kind of charm that is knit into the tapestry is not a description of the thing itself: it is actually a talisman, believed to be providing protection by its presence.
Other motifs symbolize fertility, such as trousseau's chest motif (Turkey: Sand? Kl?), Or explicit fertility motif (Turkey: Bereket). The motive for flowing water (Turkish: Su Yolu) also describes resources literally. The desire to bind family or lover together can be described with a shackle motif (Turkish: Open ??). Some other motives represent a desire for luck and happiness, such as birds (Turkey: Ku?) And the star or seal of Solomon (Turkish: Y? Ld? Z). Yin/Yang oriental symbols used for love and unity (Turkish: A? K ve Birle? Im).
Carpets and Trades
Perhaps the best known and most respected, these kilims (or twists) are traditionally distinguished by the area, village or city where they are produced, such as Konya, Malatya, Karapinar and Hotamis. Most Anatolian skirts are woven fabrics. Larger antique kilims are woven in two to three separate sections on a small nomadic horizontal floor loom on a three-foot wide strip of length, then carefully stitched together to match the edges of the pattern to create a wider carpet. These pieces are still produced in very limited numbers by nomadic tribes for their personal use and are commonly known as cicims .
- Cicim or Jijim or Jajim : kilims woven in a narrow strip sewn together.
See also
- Turkish rugs
Note
References
Further reading
- Mackie, Louise; Thompson, Jon (1980). Turkmen: Ethnic Carpets and Traditions . Textile Museum, George Washington University.
- Landreau, Anthony N.; Pickering, W. R. (1969). From Bosporus to Samarkand Flat-Woven Rugs. Textile Museum, George Washington University.
- Allane, Lee (1988). Oriental Carpet: Buyers Guide . Thames & amp; Hudson. ISBN: 0-500-27517-3. Davies, Peter (2000) [1993]. Anatolian Antique Kilims . W.W. Norton & amp; ISBN-978-0-393-73047-0. Ã, [The first edition of this book was published by Rizzoli International in 1993 as" The Tribal Eye: Anatolia Antique Kilims ", ISBN 978-0-8478-1705-4]
- Petsopoulos, Yanni (1979). Kilims: Woven Flat Tapestry Rug . Rizzoli. ISBNÃ, 0-8478-0245-0.
External links
- Art Weaving Museum: Soumak and Kelim Tenun Caucasus
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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