Hinamatsuri ( , also called Puppet Day or Girls' Day , is a special day in Japan. Celebrated every year in 3 March, a covered platform with red-material carpet is used to display a set of ornamental dolls ( ??? , hina-ningy? ) representing Emperors, Empresses, helpers, and musicians in traditional Heian period court dress.
Video Hinamatsuri
Customs
Hinamatsuri is one of five seasonal festivals ( ??? , go-sekku ) held on a favorable date of the Chinese calendar: the first day of the first month, the third day of the third month, and so on. After the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, this was set at 1 January, 3, March, 5, September. This festival is traditionally known as the Peach Festival ( ???? , Momo no Sekku ) , like peach trees usually start flowering around this time. Although this is no longer valid since the shift to the Gregorian date, the name remains and the peach is still a symbol of the festival.
The main aspect of the Hinamatsuri is the appearance of the male and female dolls sitting ( obina ( ?? ) and mebina ( ?? ) , literally "male doll" and "female doll" respectively, representing the Heian period wedding, but usually depicted as Emperor and Empress of Japan), usually with red cloth. It may be as simple as a picture or folded paper, or a complicated ornamented three-dimensional doll. A more detailed view will include a multi-tiered (, hinadan dolls representing the women in castles, musicians, and other helpers, with all sorts of equipment. The whole set of dolls and accessories is called hinazakari ( ??? ) . The number of levels and the family dolls may depend on their budget.
Families usually ensure that girls have a set of two main puppets before their first Hinamatsuri. Dolls are usually quite expensive ($ 1,500 to $ 2,500 for a set of five levels, depending on quality) and can be inherited from the older generation as an heirloom. The hinazakari spends most of the year in storage, and women and their mothers begin to set the display a few days before 3 Ã, March (boys usually do not participate, because 5 < span> Ã, May, now Children's Day is historically called "Boys' Day"). Traditionally, the dolls should have been thrown away the day after Hinamatsuri, the superstition that leaving the dolls longer would result in a late marriage for her daughter, but some families may leave them for a whole month in March. Practically, the urge to get rid of everything quickly is to avoid the rainy and humid season that usually follows Hinamatsuri. Historically, the puppets were used as toys, but in modern times they were meant to be displayed only. The puppet appearance usually stops when girls reach the age of 10.
During Hinamatsuri and previous days, the girls had a party with their friends. Typical foods include hina-arare ( ???? ) (rice crackers), chirashizushi (raw fish and vegetables over rice in a bowl or bento box ), < i> hishi mochi ( ?? ) (multicolored rice cake), ichigo daifuku ( ????? ) (strawberries wrapped in adzuki bean paste), and ushiojiru ( ???? ) (clam soup, because clam clam represents the joining pair). The usual drink is shirozake ( ?? ) (lit. "white sake"), also called amazake ( ?? ) (lit. "sweet sake"), which is non-alcoholic.
Nagashi-bina ( ??? , lit. "floating doll") ceremonies are held all over the country, where the participants make dolls of paper or straw and send them to boats in the river, carrying the dirt and sin someone with them. Some locations, such as the Nagashibina Dolls Museum in Tottori City, still follow the lunisolar calendar rather than do it in March 3rd. .
Maps Hinamatsuri
Placements
The ordering of the actual placement of dolls from left to right varies according to the tradition and location of the family, but the order of dolls per level is the same. The cover layer is called andkake ( ?? ) or just hi-m? Sen ( ??? ) , a red carpet with a rainbow line at the bottom. The following description for a complete set.
First, the top platform
The upper level holds two dolls, known as the imperial doll ( ??? (?????) , dairi- build ) . The word dairi means "imperial palace". This is the obina that holds the ritual stick (? , shaku ) and mebina that hold the fan, also known as tono (? ) and < i> hime (? ) (master and daughter) or Odairi-sama (< span lang = "ja"> ???? ) and Ohina-sama ( ??? ) (honorable palace and honorable doll). Although they are sometimes referred to as Emperors and Empresses, they only represent positions and not actual individuals themselves (with the exception of some puppets from the Meiji period that really depict Emperor Meiji and Empress Sh? Ken). Both are usually placed in front of a golden fold screen by? Bu ( ?? ) and placed next to green Japanese garden trees.
Optional are two lampsticks, called bonbori ( ?? ) , and the silk paper or lantern known as hibukuro ( ?? ) , which is usually decorated with cherry or plum blossom patterns.
The complete set includes accessories placed between two numbers, known as sanb? kazari ( ??? ) , arrange two vases of artificial peaches ( ?? , kuchibana ) .
In general, the Kansai style settings have men on the right, while Kant? style settings have him on the left (from an audience perspective).
Second platform
The second level holds three women court san-nin kanjo ( ???? ) serving sake for men and women dolls. Two of them stand by serving the equipment, one with a long handle ( ????? , Nagae no ch? Shi ) and others with short ( ????? , Kuwae no ch ? shi ) . The third ( ?? , Sanp? ) , placed in the middle, holding a small table and can stand or sit/kneel.
Accessories placed among the women are takatsuki ( ?? ) , standing with a round table top for seasonal candy, excluding hishi mochi .
Third platform
The third level holds five male musicians gonin bayashi ( ???? ) . Each holds a musical instrument except the singer, who holds the fan:
- A small drum ( ?? , Taiko ) , sit,
- Big drums ( ?? , tsuzumi ) , standing,
- Hand drum ( , Kotsuzumi ) , standing,
- Flute (? , Fue ) , or Yokobue ( ?? ) , sit,
- Singer ??? ( Utaikata ) , holding a folding fan ( ?? , sensu ) , standing up.
There is an ancient set with seven or ten musicians, and at least one with a female musician.
Fourth platform platform
Two ministers ( ?? , daijin ) can be displayed at the fourth level. This may be the emperor's bodyguard, or administrator in Kyoto: Minister of Right ( ??? , Udaijin ) and Left Minister ( ??? , Sadaijin ) . Both are sometimes equipped with bows and arrows. When representing ministers, the Minister of Rights is portrayed as a young man, while the Left Minister is older because the position is more senior than both. Also, since the puppets are placed in a position relative to each other, the Right Minister will be on the "right stage" (left viewer) and the Left Minister will be on the other side.
Between the two images there are table bowls ( ??? , kakebanzen ) , also referred to as o-zen ( ?? ) , and the diamond-shaped tribune ( ?? , hishidai ) diamond-shaped pads hishi mochi .
Just below the ministers: on the far right, mandarin orange trees ( ???? , Ukon no tachibana >) , and on the far left, the cherry tree ( ???? , Sakon no sakura ) .
The fifth platform
The fifth level, among the plants, holds three servants ( ?? , shich? ) or the ( , eji ) from Emperor and Empress:
Other platforms
At the sixth and seventh levels, various miniature furniture, appliances, carriages, etc., are displayed.
The sixth platform
These are items used in a magnificent residence.
- tansu ( ?? ) Ã,: chests of drawers (usually five), sometimes by swinging outside door cover.
- nagamochi ( ?? ) Ã,: long chest for kimono storage.
- hasamibako ( ?? ) Ã,: smaller clothing storage box, placed above the nagamochi.
- ky? dai ( ?? ) Ã,: literally standing mirror , a small chest of drawer with a mirror in on.
- haribako ( ?? ) : sewing toolbox.
- two hibachi ( ?? ) Ã,: braziers.
- daisu ( ?? ) Ã,: a set of ocha d? gu ( ???? ) or cha no yu d? gu ( ????? ) , equipment for the tea ceremony.
Seventh, bottom platform
These are items that are used when away from luxurious residences.
- jubako ( ?? ) , a set of lacquered litter boxes with ropes tied vertically around a box or a rigid handle that locks them together.
- gokago ( ??? or ??? ) , a stretcher.
- goshoguruma ( ??? ) , a cow car favored by Heian nobles. The latter is sometimes known as gisha or gyuusha ( ?? ) .
- Less common, hanaguruma ( ?? ) , an ox drawing a flower cart.
Origin
The Kojiki contains a story in which Izanagi, one of the founders of Japanese myth, purified himself in the river after visiting Yomi, the land of the dead. This is the source of the purification rite of Shinto known as o-harae ( ?? ) . In its earliest form, it involves the sacrifice of man, animal, possessions, or food, and is a punishment for evil or sin. Archaeological evidence suggests this was done as early as the Kofun period, possibly imported from the Shang Shang dynasty (similar river purification rituals existed in ancient Korea). During the Nara period, sacrifices were seen as barbaric, and the use of pottery, stupas, or monetary offerings became the standard. Documentary evidence found in Kyoto links these changes with similar practices in the Chinese Tang Dynasty.
O-harae is practiced by imperial courts twice a year (on the 6th and 12th months of the Chinese calendar) and becomes a habit of the wider community. The Heading Novian novel The Tale of Genji mentions that the 3rd day of the 3rd month (the traditional date of the Peach Festival) is a good day to purify by moving it to a doll made of paper, wood, or straws called katashiro ( ?? ) , and throw them into a river or ocean. Although it is unclear whether
War nin 1467-1477 ended o-harae in imperial court, but it is still practiced among ordinary and popular people at Shimogamo Shrine in Kyoto and at Sumiyoshi taisha in Osaka.. As time passes, the purification of the 12th month is abandoned, and the 6th month is becoming increasingly popular.
The earliest recording featuring a doll as part of the Peach Festival dates from 1625, to the daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo, Oki-ko. The court ladies of the empire prepared the equipment for her to engage in the puppet game ( ??? , hina asobi ) . After Oki-ko succeeded his father as the Meish Empress, Hinamatsuri officially became the name of the holiday in 1687. The puppet makers began to make intricate puppets for the festival (some grow as tall as 3 feet (1 meter) tall before law pass limit their size) and go hand in hand time, hinazakari evolved to include fifteen of their dolls and accessories. As puppets become more expensive, levels are added to hin and so that the expensive ones can be placed out of reach of children.
During the Meiji period when the Japanese began to modernize and the emperor was restored to reign, Hinamatsuri was no longer favored for a new holiday focusing on the emperor's ties to the nation, but revived. By focusing on marriage and family, it represents Japanese hopes and values, and as the doll is said to represent the emperor and empress, it also fosters respect for the throne. The holidays then spread to other countries through the Japanese diaspora, although it remained confined to the Japanese immigrant community and their descendants.
See also
- Public holiday in Japan
- Japanese festival
- Traditional Japanese doll
- Tango no Sekku
- Yurihonjo hinakaidoÃ, - annual traces of dumb doll display in Yurihonjo Town
- GoluÃ, - a similar tradition in India
References
Further reading
- Ishii, Minako. Girls Day/Male. . Honolulu: Bess Press Inc., 2007. ISBNÃ, 1-57306-274-X. Children's picture book.
External links
- Hinamatsuri (Puppet Festival)
- Hinamatsuri in Sado, Niigata, Japan (Puppet Festival)
- Videos about Hinamatsuri (Hinamatsuri Women's Day | Doll Festival)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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