Domestic roof construction

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Roof construction is the framing and roof cover found in most suburban suburban homes in cold and temperate climates. Such a roof is built with mostly wood, takes on a number of different shapes, and is covered with various materials.

Video Domestic roof construction

Overview

Modern wooden roofs are mostly framed with a pair of common rafters or prefabricated wooden frame tied together with a truss connector plate. Wood-framed and historic buildings can be framed with the main rafters or wooden roof truss. Roofs are also designated as warm or cold roof depending on how they are designed and built in relation to thermal and ventilation building insulation. The sharpness or slope of the roof from the sloping roof is primarily determined by roof cover material and aesthetic design. The flat roof actually slopes up to about ten degrees to release water. Flat roofs in homes are mainly found in dry areas.

In areas of high winds, such as where hurricanes or typhoons can make landings, the main technical consideration is to retain the roof during severe storms. Each roof component, of course the rest of its structure, must withstand the lifting force of the high wind speed. This is done by using a metal bond attached to each rafter or frame. This is usually not a problem in areas that are not easily exposed to high winds or extreme weather conditions.

In the UK, concrete roof tiles usually have rafters in 600mm centers, batten roofs at the center of 300mm and ceiling beams at the center of 400mm. The United States still uses a measurement unit and an imperial framing member is usually within sixteen or twenty-four inches.

Roof framing may be disconnected for openings such as chimneys or skylights. The chimney is usually built with a water switch known as cricket or saddle above the chimney. Flashing is used to close the gap between the chimney and the roof material.

Maps Domestic roof construction

Construction of ivory roof

A simple rafter roof consists of a rafters that the rafters rest on a horizontal wall plate above each wall. The top end of the rafter often meets the block of the ridge, but it may go straight to another rafter to form a pair of rafers called the spouse. Depending on the roof covering material, either horizontal laths, battens, or purl ins fixed to the rafters; or board, plywood, or strand board oriented to form a roof deck (also called sheet or coating) to support the roof covering. Heavier under purlins or purlin plates is used to support longer range of rafters. Tie beams, which can also serve as ceiling beams, are usually connected between the lower ends of the opposite rafter to prevent it from spreading and forcing a separate wall. Collar beams or collar connections can be improved higher among the opposite rafter for extra strength. Rafters, tie beams and plates serve to transmit roof weight to the walls of buildings

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Skeletal roof construction

Pre-production roof truss comes in a variety of styles. They are designed by the manufacturer for each particular building.

Wooden scrolls are also built in various styles using wood or metal joints. The heavy wooden rafters, typically within 8 feet (2.4 m) to 12 feet (3.7 m) apart, are called the main rafters. Primary Kaftans can be mixed with ordinary rafter or carry common purlins .

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Design load

Roof framing should be designed to withstand structural loads including so-called dead loads, own weight and roof cover weight, and additional loading called > environmental loads such as snow and wind. A flat roof may also need to be designed for live load if people can walk on it. In the United States, building codes determine a load in pounds per square foot that varies by region. Loads and ranges (distance between supports) determine the size and distance of the rafters and truss.

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The roof cover

The roofing material is primarily designed to release water. Closure is also a major element of architecture so that roofing materials come in different colors and textures. The main roof covering homes in North America is an asphalt shingle roof, but some have shingle roofs or other metal roofs. Roof tiles and straw are more common in Europe than North America. Some roofing materials help reduce the cost of air conditioning in hot climates by being designed to reflect light.

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Ventilation and isolation

Roof deck vents speed up the evaporation of water from leaks or condensation and remove heat that helps prevent ice dams and helps herpes zoster last longer. Building codes in the US set the ventilation level to at least 1 sqft of opening per 150 sq ft (1: 150) with a ratio of 1: 300 under some conditions. The warm air rises so that the ceiling insulation is designed to have a higher r value and insulation is often installed between the ceiling beams or the ceiling. A well-insulated and well-ventilated roof is called cold roof . The warm roof is an unventilated roof, where the insulation is placed in accordance with the height of the roof. A hot roof is a roof designed to be unvented and has sufficient air-insulation in contact with the coating to prevent condensation such as when foam insulation spray is applied directly to the bottom or top-beside the deck roof or in some cathedral ceilings.

A newer design is the installation of a foil-supported roof deck along with an air-borne second deck of foil-supported foam to allow air to flow vertically to a roof-top ventilation outlet-that is a double deck design with an air gap. This design improves efficiency.

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Gallery

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See also

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References

• Media related to Roof (structural system) in Wikimedia Commons

Source of the article : Wikipedia