Dermestidae is the Coleoptera family often referred to as the leather beetle . Other common names include lorry beetles, leather or leather beetles, carpet beetles, and khapra beetles. There are about 500 to 700 species around the world. The size can range from 1 to 12 mm. The main characteristic for an adult is a round round body covered with scales or setae. The antenna is hit (usually) paired into a deep groove. The rear femora also matches the coxa niches. The larvae are scarabaeiform and also have setae.
Dermestids have a variety of habits; most genera are scavengers that feed on dried animals or plant material, such as skin or pollen, animal hair, feathers, dead insects and natural fibers. Members of Dermestes are found in animal carcasses, while others can be found in mammals, birds, bees, or honeycomb nests. Thaumaglossa only lives in the case of egg mantids, while the species' Trogoderma is a grain pest.
This beetle is significant in forensic entomology. Some species are known to be associated with decomposing carcasses, which help criminal investigations. Some species are pests (urban entomology) and can cause widespread damage to natural fibers in homes and businesses.
They are used in taxidermy and by natural history museums to clear animal skeletons. Some dermestid species, commonly called "insect bows", occupy violin cases, feed on the hairs of the bow.
Video Dermestidae
Forensic relevance
Urban and saved products
The Dermestid beetle is destructive to a number of general merchandise. Natural fibers such as wool, silk, cotton, linen, fur, or fur are more susceptible to synthetic fibers. Dermestides are also known to attack chocolate, copra, and cocoa beans. Most damage is done by the stage of beetle larvae, while adults eat flowers and bushes.
Medicolegal
Dermestes maculatus , hides beetles, also has the potential to offer investigators an estimated time since death in homicide or in question. Similar to the use of flies in forensic entomology, the arrival of D. maculatus to a carcass occurs in a predictable succession. Adults D. maculatus beetles generally arrive 5 to 11 days after death. In an effort to correct this relatively wide range, recent studies have repeated arthropod succession studies. These studies were applied to estimate the arrival of various species of Dermestidae after death. Development for Dermestids depends on temperature, and the optimum temperature for D. maculatus is 30? C. Development data is normalized using Accumulated Degree Days. Dermestids can also be used in cases involving entomotoxicology, where the feces and skin of larvae can be analyzed for toxins.
Dermestes maculatus yang dikumpulkan dari raccoon carcass:
Maps Dermestidae
Karakteristik umum larva
Like all beetles, the Dermestid beetle boasts a complete or holometabolous development, which includes eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages. In contrast to the development of ametabolous or hemimetabolous, where the wings of the larvae begin as the cushion of the internal wing and, as the development progresses, the wings begin to develop externally, the Dermestid larvae never have a visible wing bearing. The dermestid larvae are highly enclosed with a variety of setae giving a "smooth" general appearance. The larvae are generally dark brown to black and have a complementary pair like the spine at the end of the abdominal terminal. Most beetle larvae have chewing mouths, a clear, sclerotized head capsule, and three well-developed thoracic leggings that easily distinguish them from Diptera grubs. The size of the larvae depends on the species and is usually less than 1/2 inch. Dermestid larvae are usually found in dry organic items that are difficult for other organisms to digest, such as dried foods, skin, skin, wood and other natural fibers. In forensic studies, larvae were found in human corpses during the dry and skeletal phase of decomposition, which occurred several days after death. The larvae also move away from the light and often hide in any cavity to remain undisturbed.
Preferred taxa
Genera
These 41 genera include the Dermestidae family:
Data source: i = ITIS, c = Life Catalog, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
Larder Beetle
The beetle larvae of Dermestes lardarius are longer than adults and are covered with red or black-brown setae. It has two complementary rear-curved, spinal cords like at the posterior end. Black java beetle larva has a less curved appendage. The mature larvae of both species tend to intoxicate hard substrates such as wood, cork, and plaster to become cocoons.
Larder beetle is a rare household pest. Adults and larvae feed on raw skin and skin. Adult walnut beetles are generally 1/3 to 3/8 inches long and dark brown with pale yellow ribbons at the top of elytra. There are three black dots arranged in triangular form on each wing. The sternum and legs of the garbage beetle are covered with fine yellow setae. Adult dung beetles are usually found outdoors in protected areas during the winter, but during the spring and early summer they enter the building. The female lies about 135 eggs near the food source, and the eggs will hatch in about 12 days. The life cycle of the garbage beetle lasts about 40 to 50 days.
The black dung beetle or incinerator, Dermestes ater , is completely dark with a yellow setae scattered over the body. This is similar to Dermestes maculatus but does not have a serration on its elytra. The ventral surface is yellow, not white. This beetle is a fish, mushroom, and cheese pest.
Hide the beetle (leather beetle)
Dermestes maculatus , known as hide beet, skin beetle, or skin beetle, eat raw skin and hide like a garbage cane. This species is similar in appearance to bay bay, with brown or black setae short and long, but two arches like front front front curves. Also, the front wing is dark brown and the sternum is mostly white with some black. The life cycle is 60 to 70 days and the females can put up to 800 eggs.
The hide and larder beetle both eat a wide variety of animal protein-based products and cause serious damage to the silkworm and museum production areas.
Carpet Beetle
Carpet beetle larvae start feeding immediately after hatching. They are carrot-shaped and very closed with setae, especially on their posterior ends. The number of instars is different from 5-11 and in some cases reaches up to 20. Black carpet beetle larvae Attagenus megatoma can grow up to 1/2 inch (12 mm) and are yellow to brown in color. The other type of carpet beetle regularly is 1/4 to 1 inch (6 to 25 mm) and covered with dark setae. Certain species have typical setae tassels stretching from their posterior ends. This beetle is attracted to the dirty fabrics and crevices where dead insects can function as a food source. Carpet beetle larvae are often referred to as "wool bears" or "buffalo buffalo".
Black carpet beetle
The black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma , is a widely known product pest and one of the most damaging because of its potential damage to household products containing keratin, which is a protein found in animal fur and feathers. They are also able to explore different types of food packaging, enabling travel for other insects.
Women can lay up to 90 eggs and they hatch in about 8 to 15 days. Generally, this species has only one generation a year. The time it takes to mature varies from six months to a year. In addition, adult black carpet beetles can live for two additional months. The average adult size is about 2.8-5 mm and they are oval, dark brown to shiny black color, and have brown legs.
Carpet beetle varies
The varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci , invades common household objects. Carpet beetles are usually associated with things like carpet, wool, animal fur, and processed animals or plant foods. Their appetite also includes dead insects, spiders, and even nectar and pollen. They are commonly found throughout the United States and Canada. Women can put up to 40 eggs and the number of instar larvae ranges from 7-8 stages. The time it takes to mature varies from about eight months to a year. In addition, adults can live about 2 to 6 weeks. These species vary in shape, size, color, and scales patterns. On average, adults have a length of 2 to 3 mm and have scales that vary from white, brown, yellow, or even grayish yellow. Larval hairs can cause allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis or blisters in humans in contact with small, sharp hairs.
Khapra beetle
At hatching, the larvae have a length of about 1.6 to 1.8 mm and most are filled with solid setae. Khapra the beetle, granarium trogoderma , the larvae contains the characteristics of the body setae, such as simple hair and spiked hair. The larvae are yellow-white but the head and body setae are brown. When the larvae develop further, their color turns to golden brown or reddish and the abdomen becomes shorter in proportion. The mature larva reaches a maximum length of 6 mm and a width of 1.5 mm.
Khapra beetle is a stored product pest. Infestations are difficult to control because they crawl into cracks and crevices, remaining for long periods of time. They tend to infest the grain and create serious harm to the stored product. The adult is covered with setae and has a length of about 1.5 to 3 mm and a width of 1 to 2 mm. The khapra male beet is brown to black with reddish brown marks on elytra. Women are slightly bigger and lighter colored. The short and 11 segment antenna has a club with 3 to 5 segments, which match the grooves on the pronotum side.
Control
hide and larder beetle
Modern methods of meat slaughter, storage, and distribution have reduced the potential for hide beetle infestation. Proper housekeeping is essential for prevention of infestation. Dead insects at home usually attract these beetles because they are the main food source for hide and larder beetles. Food should be tightly closed or stored in the refrigerator to avoid beetle access. Freezing food for a week or heating the meat in a saucepan or microwave for a long time can kill the insects found in full foods and prevent them from spreading.
Household fibers, such as wool and silk, are particularly vulnerable to moth damage and special cleansing, which includes moth inspections, need to be frequent. The application of insecticides must be by spot treatment to the cracks and gaps where they are suspected of hiding. Pyrethrins are labeled for use against hide beetles. Insecticides used for beetle carpets are also appropriate for use against hide and larder beetles.
Carpet beetle
Regular cleaning of spilled food or cloth will remove any potential site for breeding. Vulnerable items such as food, wool, and fur should be stored in an insect repellent. If the infestation is suspected then the source of the problem should be removed and destroyed to limit the possibility of further spread. This beetle can be killed with extreme heat or exposure to freezers.
Pyrethroid insecticides can be used to control carpet beetles. Products containing active ingredients such as permethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin, tralomethrin are Pyrethroid insecticidal components.
The soil of diatoms is also effective.
Picture gallery
References
Further reading
- John M. Kingsolver, "Dermestidae", in Ross H. Arnett Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2002), vol. 2.
- This article combines text from publications now in the public domain: Ã, Ward, Artemas (1911). The Grocer's Encyclopedia .
- Pasquerault, T Vincent, B, Chauvet, B, Dourel, L, and Gaudry, E (2008). RÃÆ' Â © partisi des espÃÆ'¨ces du genre Dermestes L. 1758 rÃÆ' Â © coltÃÆ' Â © s sur des cadavres humains (Coleoptera Dermestidae). L'entomologiste Tome 64 N Â ° 4 pp 221-224.
- Hinton, H.E., 1945 A monograph beetle associated with a stored product . 1, 387-395 British Museum (Natural History), London. Keys to adults and larvae, genera and species of the world; very good figures, full species information.
- Freude, H.; Harde, K.W.; Lohse, G.A., 1979 Dermestidae . Die KÃÆ'¤fer Mitteleuropas 6: Diversicornia (Lycidae - Byrrhidae) 1206 pieces of text. 367pp. Goecke & amp; Evers. Text in German; Dermestidae is on pages 304-327.
External links
- World Dermestidae
- List of North American Species
- Dermestidae-Literature
- Russian Carpet Beetle Atlas - very good picture
- USDA Leaflet on Carpet Beetle
- on the UF/IFAS Feature Creatures website
- Anthrenus flavipes , carpet beetle carpet
- Anthrenus scrophulariae , common carpet beetle
- Dermestes atar , black junk beetle
- Dermestes maculatus , hide the beetle
- Carpet Beetle, Kansas State University
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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