Fiat Chrysler Automobiles US LLC (commonly known as Chrysler ) ( ) is a subsidiary of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV, an Italian-American automobile manufacturer registered in Netherlands with headquarters in London, England, for tax purposes. The US FCA is one of America's "Big Three" automakers. FCA AS has its headquarters in Auburn Hills, Michigan and sells vehicles worldwide under its flagship brand, Chrysler, as well as Dodge, Jeep, and Ram Trucks. Other major divisions include Mopar, its auto parts and accessories division, and SRT, its automotive performance division.
Walter Chrysler founded Chrysler Corporation in 1925 from the remnants of Maxwell Motor Company. He expanded the company in 1928 by acquiring Fargo Trucks and Dodge Brothers, and the creation of the Plymouth and DeSoto brands. Chrysler uses a diversified strategy and a hierarchy of General Motors brands that he sees work for Buick.
Facing the postwar decline in market share, productivity, and profitability, as GM and Ford grew, Chrysler borrowed $ 250 million in 1954 from Prudential to pay for expansion and renew car design.
In 1960 the company expanded into Europe, taking control of French, British and Spanish automotive companies; Chrysler Europe sold in 1978 to PSA Peugeot CitroÃÆ'ÂÂ n for $ 1.
Chrysler fought through the 1970s to adapt to market changes, increased US import competition, and safety and environmental regulations. The company started a technical partnership with Mitsubishi Motors, and started selling Mitsubishi branded Dodge and Plymouth vehicles in North America. In the late 1970s, Chrysler was on the verge of bankruptcy. It was saved by $ 1.5 billion in loan guarantees from the US government. The new CEO Lee Iacocca is credited with returning the company to profitability in the 1980s. In 1985, Diamond-Star Motors was created, further expanding the Chrysler-Mitsubishi relationship.
In 1987, Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation (AMC), which brought the lucrative Jeep brand under Chrysler's umbrella.
In 1998, Chrysler joined German automaker Daimler-Benz AG to form DaimlerChrysler; The merger proved controversial with investors. As a result, Chrysler was sold to Cerberus Capital Management and renamed Chrysler LLC in 2007.
Like other Big Three automakers, Chrysler was hit hard by the 2008-2010 automotive industry crisis. The company remained in business through a combination of negotiations with its creditors, filed Chapter 11 of bankruptcy reorganization on April 30, 2009, and participated in a bailout of the US government through the Asset Problem Assistance Program. On June 10, 2009, Chrysler emerged from bankruptcy proceedings with the American Automatic Workers pension, Fiat S.p.A., and the US and Canadian governments as their primary owners. Bankruptcy resulted in Chrysler failing to pay debts of more than $ 4 billion. On May 24, 2011, Chrysler finished repaying its obligations to the US government five years earlier, although the cost to the American taxpayer was $ 1.3 billion. Over the next few years, Fiat gradually acquires shares of other parties while eliminating most of the loan weight (which brings 21% interest) in no time. On January 1, 2014, Fiat S.p.A announced an agreement to purchase Chrysler's remainder of the healthcare trust of United Auto Workers workers. The deal was completed on January 21, 2014, making Chrysler Group a subsidiary of Fiat S.p.A. In May 2014, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, NV was incorporated by combining Fiat S.p.A. into the company. This was completed in August 2014. Chrysler Group LLC remains a subsidiary until December 15, 2014, when its name was changed to FCA US LLC, to reflect the Fiat-Chrysler merger.
Video Chrysler
History
The Chrysler Company was founded by Walter Chrysler (1875-1940) on June 6, 1925, when Maxwell Motor Company (est. 1904) was reorganized into the Chrysler Corporation.
Walter Chrysler arrived at the ailing company of Maxwell-Chalmers in the early 1920s. He was hired to overhaul the company's troubled operations (after a similar rescue job at the Willys-Overland car company). At the end of 1923 the car production of Chalmers ended.
In January 1924, Walter Chrysler launched a well-received Chrysler car. The Chrysler is a 6-cylinder car, designed to provide customers with sophisticated, well-designed cars, but at a more affordable price than they might expect. The elements of this car can be traced to a prototype that has been developed at Willys during Chrysler's original 1924 Chrysler tenure including carburetor air filter, high compression engine, full pressure lubrication, and oil filter, a feature absent from most of the cars at the time.. Among the innovations in its early years were the mass-produced first mass-produced hydraulic brakes, a system almost entirely engineered by Chrysler with patents assigned to Lockheed, and a rubber mounting machine to reduce vibration. Chrysler also developed a wheel with a serrated rim, designed to keep the tire deflated from flying from the wheel. This wheel is finally adopted by the automotive industry worldwide.
After the introduction of Chrysler, the Maxwell brand was dropped after the 1925 model. The new and lower-priced four-cylinder chryslers introduced for 1926 were engineered Maxwells-badges. The advanced engineering and testing that went into the Chrysler Corporation car helped propel the company into second place in US sales in 1936, a position that would survive in 1949.
In 1928, the Chrysler Company began dividing its vehicle offerings with class and price functionality. The Plymouth brand was introduced at the cheap end of the market (created once again by reworking and rebadging Chrysler's four-cylinder model). At the same time, the DeSoto brand was introduced in the medium price field. Also in 1928, Chrysler purchased the Dodge Brothers car and truck company and continued Dodge's line of successful Fargo cars and trucks. In the mid-1930s, DeSoto and Dodge divisions would swap places within the corporate hierarchy.
The Empire name has been in use since 1926, but was never created apart, just Chrysler's top-of-the-line. In 1955, the company decided to make it its own part and division to better compete with its rivals Lincoln and Cadillac.
On April 28, 1955, Chrysler and Philco have announced the development and production of First World All-Transistor radio radios. The all-transistor car radio, the 914HR Mopar model, was developed and manufactured by Chrysler and Philco, and it was a $ 150.00 "option" on the Imperial 1956 car model. Philco began producing this radio in autumn 1955 at its Ohio Sandusky plant.
On September 28, 1957, Chrysler announced the first production of electronic fuel injection (EFI), as an option on some new 1958 car models (Chrysler 300D, Dodge D500, DeSoto Adventurer, Plymouth Fury). The first attempt to use this system was by American Motors in 1957 Rambler Rebel. Bendix Corporation's electrojectors use the brain modulation box of transistor computers, but the gear problems in pre-production cars mean very few cars are made. The EFI system on Rambler went well in warm weather but experienced a harsh start in colder temperatures and AMC decided not to use the EFI system, in the 1957 Rambler Rambler production car sold to the public. Chrysler also uses the Bendix "Electrojector" fuel injection system and only about 35 vehicles were built with this option, on the production car model made in 1958. EFI Chryslers owners are very dissatisfied that all but one are fitted with a carburetor (while the one has been completely restored , with the original EFI electronic problem solved).
Imperial will see new body styles introduced every two to three years, all with V8 engines and automatic transmissions, as well as technologies that will filter into other Chrysler company models. Imperial folded back into the Chrysler brand in 1971.
The Valiant was also introduced for the 1960s as a different brand. In the US market, Valiant was modeled on the Plymouth line for 1961 and made DeSoto halted in 1961. With that exception per year and the prevailing market, the Chrysler range from the lowest to the highest price from the 1940s to the 1970s was Valiant, Plymouth , Dodge, DeSoto, Chrysler, and Imperial.
From 1963 to 1969, Chrysler upgraded its stakes to take full control of the Simca companies, British Rootes and Spanish Barreiros France, incorporating it into Chrysler Europe in 1967. In the 1970s, a technical partnership was established with Mitsubishi Motors , and Chrysler began selling Mitsubishi branded Dodge and Plymouth vehicles in North America.
Chrysler is struggling to adapt to the changing environment of the 1970s. As consumer appetites switched to smaller cars in the early 1970s, especially after the 1973 oil crisis, Chrysler was unable to meet the demand. Additional costs come from increased US import competition, and tougher government regulations on car safety, fuel economy, and emissions. As the smallest of the top 3 US car manufacturers, Chrysler lacks the financial resources to meet all these challenges. In 1978, Lee Iacocca was brought in to change the company, and in 1979 Iacocca enlisted the help of the US government. Congress then passed the Loan Guarantee Act which guarantees a $ 1.5 billion loan. The Loan Guarantee Act requires that Chrysler also get $ 2 billion in concessions or assistance from sources outside the federal government, which include an interest rate reduction of $ 650 million from savings, $ 300 million in local asset sales and a state tax concession of $ 250 million, and a wage reduction of approximately $ 590 million along with a $ 50 million stock offering. $ 180 million will come from concessions from dealers and suppliers.
After the plant closing period and payroll deductions approved by management and union, the loan was repaid with interest in 1983. In November 1983, the Dodge Caravan/Plymouth Voyager was introduced, setting the minivan as the main category, and restarting Chrysler to stability.
In 1985, Diamond-Star Motors was created, further expanding the Chrysler-Mitsubishi relationship. In 1987, Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation (AMC), which brought the lucrative Jeep brand under Chrysler's umbrella.
In 1985, Chrysler signed an agreement with AMC to produce Chrysler M rear-drive platforms, as well as Dodge Omnis front wheel cars, at AMC's Kenosha, Wisconsin plant. In 1987, Chrysler acquired a 47% interest in AMC held by Renault. The remaining remaining AMC shares were purchased on the NYSE on August 5, 1987, making a deal worth between $ 1.7 billion to $ 2 billion, depending on how costs are calculated. Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca wants the Jeep brand, specifically the developed Jeep Grand Cherokee (ZJ), a new world-class manufacturing plant in Bramalea, Ontario, and AMC's engineering and talent management that is essential to Chrysler's future success. Chrysler established the Jeep/Eagle division as a "special" arm to market a product very different from K-based car products with Eagle cars targeting import buyers. Former AMC dealers sell Jeep vehicles and various new Eagle models, as well as Chrysler products, strengthen the car retail distribution system.
Eurostar, a joint venture between Chrysler and Steyr-Daimler-Puch, began producing Chrysler Voyager in Austria for the European market in 1992.
In 1998, Chrysler and its subsidiaries entered into a partnership dubbed "merger equals" with German-based Daimler-Benz AG, creating a joint entity DaimlerChrysler AG. To the surprise of many shareholders, Daimler acquired Chrysler in a stock exchange before Chrysler CEO Bob Eaton retired. It was widely accepted that the merger was necessary due to Eaton's lack of planning for Chrysler in the 1990s, to become a global automotive company of their own. Under DaimlerChrysler, the company was named DaimlerChrysler Motors Company LLC, with a US operation commonly called "DCX". The Eagle brand had retired soon after the Chrysler merger with Daimler-Benz in 1998 Jeep became a stand-alone division, and efforts were made to combine Chrysler and Jeep brands as a single unit of sales. In 2001, the Plymouth brand was also discontinued.
Eurostar also built Chrysler PT Cruiser in 2001 and 2002. The Austrian company was sold to Magna International in 2002 and became Magna Steyr. Voyager continued to produce until 2007, while the Chrysler 300C, Jeep Grand Cherokee and Jeep Commander were also built at the factory from 2005 to 2010.
On May 14, 2007, DaimlerChrysler announced 80.1% sales of Chrysler Group to private equity firm America Cerberus Capital Management, LP, subsequently known as Chrysler LLC, although Daimler (renamed Daimler AG) continues to hold a 19.9% ​​stake. The economic collapse of 2007 - 2009 pushed the company fragile into the abyss. On April 30, 2009, automakers filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection to operate as business continuity, while renegotiating debt and other liabilities, resulting in corporations failing to pay more than $ 4 billion in guaranteed debt. The US government described the company's actions as "packaged surgical bankruptcy".
On June 10, 2009, substantially all Chrysler assets were sold to "New Chrysler", held as Chrysler Group LLC. The federal government provides support for an agreement with US $ 8 billion in financing of nearly 21%. Under CEO Sergio Marchionne, "World Class Manufacturing" or WCM, a comprehensive manufacturing quality system, is introduced and some products are relaunched with quality and luxury. Jeep Grand Cherokee 2010 soon became the most awarded SUV. Divisions of Ram, Jeep, Dodge, SRT and Chrysler are separated to focus on their own identity and brand, and 11 major refresher models occur in 21 months. Model PT Cruiser, Nitro, Liberty and Caliber (created during DCX) are discontinued. On May 24, 2011, Chrysler repaid $ 7.6 billion loan to the governments of the United States and Canada. The US Treasury Department, through the Troubled Asset Assistance Program (TARP), invested $ 12.5 billion in Chrysler and earned $ 11.2 billion when the company's shares were sold in May 2011, generating $ 1.3 billion in losses. On July 21, 2011, Fiat bought Chrysler shares held by the US Treasury. The purchase made Chrysler foreign-owned again, this time as a luxury division. Chrysler 300 dubbed Lancia Thema in some European markets (with additional engine options), giving the Lancia a much-needed replacement for its flagship.
On January 21, 2014, Fiat bought the remaining shares of Chrysler owned by VEBA for $ 3.65 billion. A few days later, the reorganization that Fiat and Chrysler wanted under the new parent company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, along with the new FCA logo was announced. The most challenging launch for this new company coming soon in January 2014 with the completely redesigned Chrysler 200. The creation of the vehicle comes from a fully integrated company, FCA, which executes from a solid global platform.
On December 16, 2014, Chrysler Group LLC announced its name change to FCA US LLC.
On January 12, 2017, FCA US LLC shares fell after the EPA accused the company of using emission-fraud software to avoid the diesel emissions test, but the company replied to the allegations, and chairman and CEO Sergio Marchionne balked at them. The next day, stocks rose as investors played down the effects of the allegations. Analysts provide estimates of potential fines of several hundred million dollars to $ 4 billion, although the likelihood of hefty fines is low. United States Senior Senator Bill Nelson urged the FTC to see the deceptive marketing possibilities of the company's diesel-powered SUVs. Shares fell 2.2% after the announcement.
Maps Chrysler
Corporate governance
Board of directors
- Stephen Wolf
- Leo W. Houle
- Erickson N. Perkins
- Ruth J. Simmons
- Alfredo Altavilla
- Sergio Marchionne, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
- Ronald L. Thompson
- Douglas Steenland
- John Lanaway
Management team
- Mark Chernoby, Senior Senior Quality Representative
- Reid Bigland, CEO of Ram brand, head of sales & amp; US. President and CEO of Chrysler Canada
- Saad Chehab, President and CEO - Chrysler brand
- Mark M. Chernoby, Senior Vice President of Product Development
- Olivier Francois, Chief Marketing Officer, Chrysler Group, and Fiat Group Automobiles, Head of Fiat Brand
- Scott R. Garberding, Senior Vice President of Manufacturing
- Ralph Gilles, CEO of SRT Brand and Design President
- Pietro Gorlier, CEO of the Mopar brand and President of Service, Parts and Customer Service
- Bill Cousins ​​â € <â € <
- Mircea Gradu, Head of Powertrain Transmission and Driveline Engineering (depart)
- Peter M. Grady, Vice President of Network and Fleet Development
- Michael J. Keegan, Senior Vice President of Supply Chain Management
- Timothy Kuniskis, President and CEO of the Dodge brand
- Scott G. Kunselman
- Jody Trapasso
- Jason Stoicevich
- Robert (Bob) Lee, Chief Engineer, Powertrain and Engineering Power Propulsion System
- Robert E. Lee
- Holly E. Leese
- Laurie A. Macaddino
- Michael Manley, President and CEO of Jeep and COO APAC (Asia Pacific Region) brands
- Richard Palmer, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
- Barbara J. Pilarski
- Nancy A. Rae, Senior Senior Vice of Human Resources
- Gualberto Ranieri
- Scott A. Sandschafer
- Joseph Trapasso
- Joseph Veltri
- Daniel W. Devine, Vice President, Office of Tax Affairs
Sales and marketing
United States Sales
Chrysler is the smallest of the US Big Three car makers (Chrysler Group LLC, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors). In 2013 Chrysler sells 1,800,368 vehicles, 9% of the year 2012, and the fourth largest in sales behind GM, Ford and Toyota.
Chrysler's sales have fluctuated dramatically over the past decade. In 2007 sales reached 2,076,650, falling to 931,402 units in 2009, the company's worst results in decades.
It was reported that Chrysler was heavy on fleet sales in 2010, reaching as high as 56 percent of total sales in February of that year. Throughout the year, 38 percent of Chrysler's sales are for fleet customers. The industry average is 19 percent. However, the company hopes to reduce fleet sales to the industry average in 2011 with a new product lineup.
Global sales
Chrysler is the world's 11th largest vehicle manufacturer rated by OICA in 2012. Chrysler's total vehicle production of 2.37 million that year, up from 1.58 million in 2010.
Marketing
Lifetime powertrain warranty
In 2007, Chrysler began offering lifetime vehicle lifetime warranty for first registered owners or retail tenants. The agreement covers owners or tenants in the US, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, for model vehicles in 2009, and 2006, 2007 and 2008 model year vehicles purchased on or after July 26, 2007. Excluded vehicles excluding SRT models, Diesel vehicles, Sprinter models, Ram Chassis Cab, Hybrid System components (including transmissions), and certain fleet vehicles. Guarantee is non-transferable. After Chrysler's restructuring, the warranty program is replaced with a five year/100,000 mile redirected warranty for vehicles in 2010 or later.
"Let's Recharge America" ​​
In 2008, in response to customer feedback citing the prospect of rising gas prices as a major concern, Chrysler launched a "Mari Refuel America" ​​incentive campaign, which guarantees new car buyers a $ 2.99 gasoline price over three years. With the purchase of qualified Chrysler, Jeep and Dodge vehicles, customers can enroll in the program and receive a gas card that instantly lowers their gas price to $ 2.99 per gallon, and keeps it there for three years.
Lancia co-branding
Chrysler plans to Lancia to develop code products, with several vehicles being shared. Olivier Francois, CEO of Lancia, was appointed to the Chrysler division in October 2009. Francois plans to rebuild the Chrysler brand as a top-class brand.
Ram Truck
In October 2009, Dodge cars and trucks were separated, under the name "Dodge" used for cars, minivans and crossovers and "Ram" for light and medium trucks and other commercial vehicles. Imported_From_Detroit "'>" Imported From Detroit "
In 2011, Chrysler launched an "Imported From Detroit" campaign with an ad featuring rapper Detroit Eminem, one of which aired during the Super Bowl. The campaign highlights the rejuvenation of the entire product lineup, which includes a new, redesigned and repackaged 2011 200 sedan and 200 convertible, Chrysler 300 and Chrysler Town & amp; Country minivan. As part of the campaign, Chrysler sells clothing lines featuring Monuments to Joe Louis, with proceeds channeled to charities in the Detroit area, including Boys and Girls Club of Southeast Michigan, Habitat for Humanity Detroit and the Marshall Mathers Foundation. After the Eminem commercial, there were also commercials for the Detroit Lions handling the Ndamukong Suh defense driving Chrysler 300 to Portland, Oregon, to visit his mother, an ad featuring Detroit-born fashion designer John Varvatos sailing across dark Gotham while Kevin Yon familiar bariton track the origin of the designer.
In March 2011, Chrysler Group LLC filed a lawsuit against Moda Group LLC (owner of Detroit's pure clothes retailer) to copy and sell merchandise under the slogan "Imported from Detroit". Chrysler claims to have been told the defendant of the trademark application is pending Feb. 14, but the defendant believes Chrysler has not earned a trademark for the phrase "Imported From Detroit". On June 18, 2011, US District Judge Arthur Tarnow ruled that Chrysler's request did not indicate that he would suffer irreparable damage or have a strong chance of winning his case. Therefore, Detroit Pure owners, Detroit retailers Moda Group LLC, may continue to sell "Imported from Detroit" products. Tarnow also notes that Chrysler has no trademark in "Imported from Detroit" and rejected automakers' arguments that the trademark law does not apply to the case. In March 2012, Chrysler Group LLC and Pure Detroit approved a March 27 mediation to try to settle a lawsuit over the company's use of "Imported from Detroit" slogan. Detroit Murni states that Chrysler has made false claims about the origins of three vehicles - Chrysler 200, Chrysler 300 and Chrysler Town & amp; Country - nothing is built in Detroit. Detroit Murni also said that Chrysler's Imported From Detroit merchandise was not made in Detroit. In 2012 Chrysler and Pure Detroit came to an undisclosed settlement.
Chrysler's Jefferson North Assembly, which makes the Jeep Grand Cherokee and Dodge Durango, is the only automobile manufacturing plant of any Detroit company left (General Motors operates a partially Detroit factory and partly in Hamtramck).
In 2011, Eminem completed a lawsuit against Audi accusing the defendant of having ripped off Chrysler 300 Super Bowl ads in Audi A6 Avant advertising.
"Half the Time in America" ​​
Once again in 2012, Chrysler advertises during the Super Bowl. Advertisement Super Bowl XLVI 2 minutes 5 February 2012 entitled "Half the Time in America". The advertisement drew criticism from some prominent US conservatives, who suggested that his message implied that President Barack Obama deserved a second term and, thus, was political retaliation for Obama's support for the company's federal bailout. Asked about the criticism in a 60 Minute interview with Steve Kroft, Sergio Marchionne replied "just to correct my notes repay the loan at 19.7% Interest I do not think I commit to doing commercial on it" and characterized Republican reaction as "unnecessary and out of place".
- "American Import"
In 2014, Chrysler began using a new slogan, "American Imports" in ads that introduced their newest Chrysler 200, targeting foreign automakers from Germany to Japan with the ads (German performance and Japanese quality), and at the end of the selected ads. , the ad will say, "We Built This", the show is being built in America, not abroad.
Slogan
- Engineered for Car Power (1998-2001)
- Drive = Love (2002-2004)
- Inspiration comes standard (2004-2007)
- Beautifully Engineered (2007-mid 2010)
- Imported From Detroit (2011-2014)
- American Import (2014-present)
Product line
- Chrysler: Luxury, convertible, and minivan sedan
- Dodge: Passenger, performance car, minivan, crossover, and SUV
- Ram: Commercial trucks and vehicles
- Jeep: Off-road vehicle, SUV, and crossover
Mopar
- Mopar: Spare parts replacement for Chrysler-made vehicles, as well as brands for dealer services and customer service operations.
- Mopar Performance: a subdivision that provides aftermarket performance components for Chrysler-built vehicles.
Fiat
In 2010, Fiat Auto plans to sell seven vehicles in the US by 2014, while Fiat-controlled Chrysler Group will supply nine models for sale under the Fiat brand in the European market, according to a five-year plan launched on April 21, 2010 in Turin, Italy, by Fiat and Chrysler CEO Sergio Marchionne. At least five Fiat Auto models are expected to be marketed in the US with its Alfa Romeo brand. Demonstrating the level of integration that is envisioned, the timeline of product introduction imagined Chrysler-built compact and full-size SUV will be sold in 2012 and 2014, respectively, in the European and North American markets.
Chrysler Uconnect
First introduced as MyGig, Chrysler Uconnect is a system that brings interactive capabilities to radio in a car and telemetric-like controls to the car's settings. By mid 2015, it was installed in hundreds of thousands of Fiat Chrysler vehicles. Connected to the Internet via Sprint's mobile network, providing the car with its own IP address. Internet connectivity using Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep or Ram vehicles, via "hot-spot" Wi-Fi, is also available via Uconnect Web. According to Chrysler LLC, the hotspot range extends approximately 100 feet (30 m) from the vehicle in all directions, and incorporates Wi-Fi and Sprint 3G cellular connections. Uconnect is available in recent times and is available on some of the discontinued Chrysler models including the current Dodge Dart, Chrysler 300, Aspen, Sebring, City and State, Dodge Avenger, Caliber, Grand Caravan, Challenger, Charger, Journey, Nitro and Ram.
In July 2015, IT security researchers announced severe security flaws that were assumed to affect any Chrysler vehicle with Uconnect produced from late 2013 to early 2015. This allowed hackers to gain access to cars over the Internet, and in the case of Jeep Cherokee was shown to allowing attackers to take over not only radio, A/C, and windshield wipers, but also steering, braking, and car transmissions. Chrysler publishes patches that car owners can download and install via USB stick, or install car dealerships for them.
Reception
Chrysler's quality and customer satisfaction ratings are below the average according to Consumer Reports and JD Powers since the late 1990s. Consumer Reports has been consistently reporting Chrysler brands under their reliability ratings in the last decade as well as their Automotive Brand Report Cards. The JDP has found the same results over the same period of time both in Initial Quality Studies and Customer Service Indexes such as the American Customer Satisfaction Index survey. Chrysler has had some quality success during this period. The Strategic Vision named Chrysler as the overall winner in 2015, noting the strong customer appeal and that with the improvement of the quality of all cars, the difference between "high and low" counting ratings is relatively small.
Environmental Initiatives
Chrysler produced an experimental electric vehicle in 1979, the company developed an electric prototype Chrysler ETV-1 in collaboration with the US Department of Energy.
In 1992, Chrysler developed the Dodge EPIC concept minivan. In 1993, Chrysler began selling limited-production electric cars called TEVan; But only 56 are produced. In 1997, the second generation, called EPIC, was released. It was stopped after 1999.
Chrysler once owned Global Electric Motorcars company, built low-voltage electric vehicles, but sold GEM to Polaris Industries in 2011.
In September 2007, Chrysler founded ENVI, an in-house organization focusing on electric drive vehicles and related technologies that were dissolved in late 2009. In August 2009, Chrysler took US $ 70 million in grants from the US Department of Energy to develop the test. a fleet of 220 hybrid pickup trucks and minivans.
The first hybrid model, the Chrysler Aspen hybrid and the Dodge Durango hybrid, was halted a few months after production in 2008, sharing their GM hybrid technology design with GM, Daimler and BMW.
Chrysler is on the Advisory Board of PHEV Research Center, and conducts a government-sponsored demonstration project with Ram and minivan vehicles.
In 2012, FCA CEO Sergio Marchionne said that Chrysler and Fiat both plan to focus primarily on alternative fuels, such as CNG and Diesel instead of hybrid and electric drivetrain for their consumer products.
Fiat Chrysler buys 8.2 million megaports of US greenhouse gas emissions credits from competitors including Toyota, Honda, Tesla, and Nissan.
Chrysler Defense
The establishment of a special tank of the Chrysler division, the division was established as a Chrysler Tank division in 1940, initially with the aim of providing another production line for the M2 Medium Tank, so that the US Army could build its inventory faster.. His first factory was the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant. When M2A1 was unexpectedly declared obsolete in August of the same year, the plan was altered (though not without difficulty) to produce an M3 Grant instead, especially for Britain as part of the United States under countervailing support for Britain against Nazi Germany official in the war), with the balance of revised orders going to the US Army as Lee . After December 1941 and the entry of the United States into the war against the axis powers, Tank's division grew rapidly, with new facilities such as the Tank Arsenal Proving Ground in Utica, Michigan. It also quickly expanded the range of developed and manufactured products, including the Sherman M4 tank and the Chrysler A57 multi bank tank engine.
Custom programs
During World War II, basically all Chrysler facilities were devoted to building military vehicles (the Jeep brand came later, after Chrysler acquired American Motors Corporation). They also designed the V12 and V16 hemi-engines that produce 2,500 hp (1,864 kW; 2,535 PS) for the aircraft, but they do not make it into production when jets are developed and seen as future for air travel. During the period of the Cold War of the 1950s, Chrysler made an air raid siren powered by its Hemi V-8 engine.
Radar Antenna
When the Radiation Laboratory at MIT was established in 1941 to develop microwave radar, one of the first projects produced SCR-584, the best known radar system of the war era. This system includes a six-foot diameter parabolic antenna that is mechanically directed to a helical pattern (swirling as well as up and down).
One of Chrysler's most significant contributions to the war effort is not in the field of vehicles but in the field of radar. For the final production design of this antenna and its extremely complex propulsion mechanisms, the Army Signal Corps Laboratory turned to the Chrysler Center Technical Office. There, the parabola is converted from aluminum into steel, enabling the formation of production using standard automotive presses. To keep the weight down, 6,000 holes with the same distance are drilled in the face (this has no effect on the radiation pattern). The drive mechanism is completely redesigned, using technology derived from Chrysler's research on automotive gears and differences. These changes result in improved performance, weight loss, and easier maintenance. Most Dodge plants are used in building 1,500 SCR-584 antennas as well as vans used in the system.
Planes
- Chrysler VZ-6
Missiles
In April 1950, the US Army established the Center for Guided Missile Weapons (OGMC) at Redstone Arsenal, adjacent to Huntsville, Alabama. To form the OGMC, more than 1,000 civil and military personnel were removed from Fort Bliss, Texas. Included is a group of German scientists and engineers led by Wernher von Braun; this group has been brought to America under the Paperclip Project. OGMC designed the first short range ballistic missile of the Army, PGM-11 Redstone, based on the German V-2 World War II missile. Chrysler established the Missile Division to serve as Redstone's prime contractor, setting up engineering operations in Huntsville and for production gained from the US Navy at a large factory in Sterling Heights, Michigan. Redstone was in active service from 1958 to 1964; it was also the first missile to test the launch of a living nuclear weapon, first detonated in the 1958 South Korean test.
Working together, the Missile Division and the von Braun team greatly enhanced Redstone's capabilities, resulting in Jupiter PGM-19, a medium-range ballistic missile. In May 1959, a Jupiter missile launched two small monkeys into space in a cone of the nose; this is the first successful flight and recovery of the American space charge. The responsibility for deploying Jupiter missiles was transferred from the Army to the Air Force; armed with nuclear warheads, they were first stationed in Italy and Turkey in the early 1960s.
Space amplifier
In July 1959, NASA chose Redstone missiles as a base for the Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle to be used for suborbital flight tests of the Mercury Project spacecraft. Three unmanned MRLV launch efforts were conducted between November 1960 and March 1961, two of which were successful. MRLV successfully launched Chimp Ham, and astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom on three suborbital flights respectively in January, May and July 1961.
America's more ambitious manned space travel plans include the Saturn series design of heavy-weight launch vehicles by a team led by Wernher von Braun. Operation Huntsville Chrysler, later designated as the Space Division, became Marshall Space Flight Center's main contractor for the first phase of Saturn I and Saturn IB. The design is based on a group of Redstone and Jupiter fuel tanks, and Chrysler builds it for the Apollo program at the Michoud Assembly Facility in East New Orleans, one of the largest manufacturing plants in the world. Between October 1961 and July 1975, NASA used ten Saturn Is and nine Saturn IBs for suborbital and orbital flights, all of which were successful; Missile and Chrysler boosters have never failed launch. This division is also a subcontractor that modifies one of the Mobile launcher Platforms for use with Saturn IB rockets using Saturn V infrastructure.
Brand stopped
- Chrysler Europe (sold to Peugeot)
- Rootes Group, UK
- Sunbeam (1901-1976), English
- Humber (1898-1976), English
- Singer (1905-1970), English
- Commer (1905-1979), English
- Hillman (1907-1976), England
- Karrier (1908-1977), English
- Simca (1934-1977), French
- Barreiros (1959-1978), Spanish
- Rootes Group, UK
- American Motors (AMC) (1954-1988), USA
- Hudson (1909-1957), USA
- Nash (1917-1957), USA
- Rambler (1900-1914; 1950-1969), USA
- Maxwell (1904-1926), USA
- Graham Brothers (1916-1929), USA
- Fargo (1920-1972), Canada
- DeSoto (1928-1961), USA
- Plymouth (1928-2001), USA
- Imperial (1955-1975; 1981-1983), USA
- Valiant (1960-1976) The Valiant was introduced in 1960 as a separate Chrysler brand, later incorporated into the Plymouth line in the US starting in 1961.
- Valiant (1962-1981), Australia
- Valiant (1960-1966) Chrysler marketed Valiant as a separate Chrysler model in Canada until 1967, when the Canadian-American Automobile Products Agreement of 1965 facilitated the sale of American-made Plymouth Valiants in Canada.
- Eagle (1988-1998), USA
- GEMCAR (1998-2011) is sold to Polaris Industries, USA
- SRT (2012-2014). Merged with Dodge, USA
See also
Country
- Chrysler Australia
- Chrysler Fevre Argentina - sold to Volkswagen in 1980
- Chrysler Canada
- Chrysler Turkish Camyon - sold to ASKAM in 2003.
Note
1. [1] Fiat uses their right to increase its share in the company, and has announced that it wants to buy an additional ~ 6.6% stake from VEBA Trust, but VEBA does not agree with the price set by Fiat. The problem now is the subject of the process at Delaware Chancery Court.
References
Further reading
External links
- Fiat Chrysler Automobil US corporate website
- Chrysler Official UK brand site
- Chrysler Scientific Laboratory and Testing Services
- SEC Chrysler Ordering
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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