Carding is a mechanical process that describes, cleanses, and blends fibers to produce a sustainable net or sliver suitable for further processing. This is achieved by passing the fibers between the moving surfaces in a differential that is covered with the card clothing. It breaks the keys and clumps of irregular fibers and then straightens individual fibers in order to parallel one another. In preparing wool fibers for spinning, carding is a step that comes after teasing.
This word comes from the Latin carduus which means thistle or teasel, like the dried vegetable teasel that was first used to comb the raw wool.
Video Carding
Ikhtisar
These ordered fibers can then be forwarded to other processes specific to the desired end use of the fibers: cotton, batting, felt, wool or wool yarn, etc. Carding can also be used to create a mixture of different fibers or different colors.. When fused, the carding process combines different fibers into a homogeneous mixture. Commercial cards also have rollers and systems designed to remove the contaminants of vegetable materials from wool.
A common one for all carders is clothing cards. The card outfit is made of a sturdy flexible backing where the wire pin is closely embedded. The shape, length, diameter, and distance of this wire pin are determined by the card designer and the specific requirements of the application where the card cloth will be used. Newer versions of card clothing products were developed during the second half of the 19th century and were only found on commercial carding machines, where a piece of jagged wire wrapped around a roller, known as metallic card clothing.
Carding machines are known as cards. Fiber can be hand-printed for hand-spinning.
Maps Carding
History
Scientist historian, Joseph Needham, attributed the discovery of arc instruments used in textile technology to India. The earliest evidence for using arc-instruments for carding is from India (2nd century AD). These carding tools, called kaman (arc) and dhunaki , will loosen the fiber texture with vibrating string tools.
At the turn of the 18th century, wool in England was being scratched using a pair of hand cards, it was a two-stage process: 'working' with opposing cards and 'stripping' where they are in parallel.
In 1748 Lewis Paul from Birmingham, England, discovered two hand-held carding machines. The first uses a cable layer on a flat table that is moved by the foot pedal. This failed. In the second, the wire slip layer is placed around the card which is then wrapped in a cylinder. Daniel Bourn obtained a similar patent in the same year, and probably used it at his spinning factory in Leominster, but it was burned in 1754. This discovery was later developed and improved by Richard Arkwright and Samuel Crompton. Patent Arkwright (1775) for his carding machine was then declared invalid (1785) for lack of originality.
From the 1780s, carding machines were established in factories in northern England and mid Wales. Priority was given to cotton but wool fibers were being carded in Yorkshire in 1780. With wool, two carding machines were used: the first or the creator opened and mixed the fibers, the second or the condenser mixed and forming a net. The first in Wales was at a factory in Dolobran near Meifod in 1789. These carding factories produced yarns mainly for the Welsh flannel industry.
In 1838, the Spen Valley, based in Cleckheaton had at least 11 card clothing factories and in 1893, was generally accepted as the world's card cloth capital, although in 2008 only two manufacturers of fixed metallic and flexible apparel cards in the UK, Garnett Wire Ltd. dating back to 1851 and Joseph Sellers & amp; Son Ltd was founded in 1840.
Baird from Scotland took a card to Leicester, Massachusetts in the 1780s. In the 1890s, cities produced one-third of all North American hand and machine cards. John and Arthur Slater, from Saddleworth went to work with Slater in 1793.
A grinding mill in the 1780s will be driven by a water wheel. There were 170 mill mills around Leeds at that time. Each author will need 15-45 horsepower (11-34 kW) to operate. Modern engines are driven by the belting of an electric motor or an overhead shaft through two pulleys.
Cotton making process
Carding : the fibers are separated and then assembled into loose (sliver or tow) strands at the end of this stage.
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- Cotton comes off the picking machine on a rag, and then taken to the carding machine. The carders coat the fibers well to make it easier to spin. The carding machine consists mainly of one large roller with the smaller one surrounding it. All rollers are covered with small teeth, and when the cotton develops further on the teeth it becomes smoother (ie closer together). Cotton leaves the carding machine in the form of a piece; a big rope.
In broader sense, carding can refer to four processes from willow, lapping, carding and drawing. In willowing the fibers are relaxed. In lapping dust is removed to make flat sheets or fiber lap; Carding itself is combing a wrinkled lap into thick or sliver straps with 1/2 inch diameter, then optional combustion, used to remove shorter fibers, creating stronger strands.
In drawing picture frame combining 4 slices into one. The image repetition improves the quality of the sliver that allows smoother counting to be played. Each sliver will have thin and thick spots, and by combining multiple slivers with a more consistent size can be achieved. Because combining multiple slivers produces a very thick cotton fiber rope, directly after it is combined, the sliver is separated into rovings. It's roving (or slubbings) then what's used in the spinning process.
For machine processing, the circumference is about the width of the pencil. Rovings are collected in drums and proceeded to slubbing frames that add a spin, and wind to the coil. Medium Frame is used to repeat the funeral process to produce finer threads, and then roving frames reduce them to smoother threads, give more rounds, make it more organized and even deeper thickness, and wind into smaller tubes.
Kartu tangan
Predicting mechanical weaving, hand woven is a home industry that uses the same process but on a smaller scale. These skills have survived as artisan craft in less developed societies - and as a form of art and hobby in advanced societies.
Carder hand
Hand cards are usually rectangular or rectangular produced in various sizes from 2 to 2 inches (5.1 cm - 5.1 cm) up to 4 times 8 inches (10 cm - 20 cm). The faces of each oar can be curved flat or cylindrical and wear card cloth. A small card, called a flick card, is used to flick the ends of a fiber lock, or to pull out a few strands to spin.
A pair of cards is used to brush the wool between them until the fibers are more or less parallel in the same direction. The parallel fiber is then peeled off the card as a rolag. Carding is an activity usually done outside or on a falling cloth, depending on the cleanliness of wool. Rolag peeled off the card.
These products (roving, rolags, and batts) can be used for spinning.
Carding wool can be done "in fat" or not, depending on machine type and on spin preference. "In fat" means that lanolin that naturally comes with wool has not been washed, leaving wool with a bit of greasy. Large cardboard drums do not tend to get along well with lanolin, so most commercial wool and wool factories launder wool before carding. Hand carders (and small drum carders as well, though the instructions may not recommend it) can be used for rich wool card lanolin.
Drummer
The simplest carder machine is the drum carder. Most carders drums are hand-cranked but some are powered by electric motors. These machines generally have two rollers, or drums, covered with card clothing. The licker-in, or a smaller roller meter from the infeed tray to the larger storage drum. Both rollers are connected to one another with a belt or chain-drive so that their relative speed causes the drum storage to pull fibers from the licker-in slowly. It pulls the fiber straight and puts it between the wire pins of the drum storage card cloth. Fiber is added until the fabric of the drum card is full storage. The crack in the card cloth makes it easy to remove the batt when the card cloth is full.
Some drum carders have a fluffy brush attachment that presses the fiber into the storage drum. This attachment serves to solidify the fiber that is already in the card cloth and adds a small amount of additional alignment to the viscous fiber.
Pondok carders
Carding machine cottages differ significantly from simple drum cards. These carders do not store fiber on card cloth like drum carder but, instead, the fiber passes the carder's way of storage or for additional processing by other machines.
Typical carder cottages have a single large drum (fast) with a pair of in-feed rollers (nippers), one or more worker pairs and a roller stripper, fancy, and doffer. In-feed to the carder is usually done by hand or with the conveyor belt and often the output of the carder hut is stored as a batt or further processed into a circumference and the wound becomes a lump with an accessory bump clocker. The carder cottage in the image below supports both outputs.
The raw fiber, placed on the dining table or conveyor is transferred to the clamp that holds and measures the fiber to the swift. When they are moved to fast, many of the fibers are straightened out and put into a swift card cloth. These fibers will be carried through the worker rollers/rollers for the luxurious ones.
As fast as possible to bring the fibers forward, from the clasps, the unreflected fibers are taken by a worker and carried up onto the paired stripper. Due to the fast surface speed, the workers are changing quite slowly. It has a fiber reversing effect. The stripper, which rotates at a higher speed than the worker, pulls the fiber from the worker and hands it over to the swift. The surface speed of the stripper is relatively slower than the speed, so it quickly pulls the fiber from the stripper for additional alignment.
The straightened fiber is brought quickly to the luxury. The luxury card cloth was designed to stick with a swift card cloth so that the fibers were lifted to the edge of the swift card cloth and brought quickly to the doffer. The luxury and fast is the only roller in the carding process that really touches.
The spiraling doffer slowly removes the fiber from the friction and brings it to the fly comb where they are stripped from the doffer. A fine net with more or less parallel fibers, some thick fibers and carder roller width, out of cardboard on a fly comb with gravity or other mechanical means for storage or further processing.
See also
- Cotton factory
- Cotton spinner
- Duplicate (textile)
- Friction Dref Friction
- Open end of spinner
- Spin
- The wheel spins
- Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution
- Textile manufacture
- Timeline of clothing and textile technology
References
Note
Bibliography
- Collier, Ann M (1970), Textile Handbook , Pergamon Press, p.Ã, 258, ISBNÃ, 0 - 08-018057-4
- Hills, Richard Leslie (1993), Power from Steam: A History of the Stationary Steam Engine , Cambridge University Press, p.Ã , 244, ISBN 978-0-521-45834-4 Nasmith, Joseph (1896), The Students Cotton Spinning (third edition), Deansgate, Manchester: John Heywood Ltd, p. Ã, 637
- Richards, R.T.D. (1972), "The development of modern wool carding machines", in Jenkins, J. Geraint, Wool textile industry in Great Britain, London [u.a.]: Routledge & amp; Kegan, ISBNÃ, 0710069790
External links
- What is Carding - A brief explanation of hand carding and what is needed.
- "How to Use Hand Carders - Includes video tutorial" . Retrieved 2011-10-16 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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