Sodium percarbonate

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Sodium percarbonate, sometimes abbreviated as SPC, is a chemical, an adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide (a perhydrate), with formula 2 Na₂CO₃ · 3 H₂O₂. It is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic and water-soluble solid. It is used in some eco-friendly cleaning products and as a laboratory source of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide.

Video Sodium percarbonate

Structure

At room temperature, solid sodium percarbonate has the orthorhombic crystal structure, with the Cmca crystallographic space group. The structure changes to Pbca as the crystals are cooled below about -30 °C.

Maps Sodium percarbonate

Production

Sodium percarbonate was first prepared in 1899 by Russian chemist Sebastian Moiseevich Tanatar (Russian: ????????? ????????? ???????) (7 October 1849, Odessa - 30 November 1917, Odessa).

Sodium percarbonate is produced industrially by reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, followed by crystallization. Also, dry sodium carbonate may be treated directly with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution. World production capacity of this compound was estimated at several hundred thousand tonnes for 2004. It can be obtained in the laboratory by treating the two substances in aqueous solution with proper control of the pH or concentrations.

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Uses

As an oxidizing agent, sodium percarbonate is an ingredient in a number of home and laundry cleaning products, including non-chlorine bleach products such as OxyBoost, OxiClean, Tide laundry detergent, and Vanish. Dissolved in water, it yields a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (which eventually decomposes to water and oxygen) and sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda").

2 Na₂CO₃·3 H₂O₂ -> 2 Na₂CO₃ + 3 H₂O₂

Many commercial products mix a percentage of sodium percarbonate with sodium carbonate. The average percentage of an "Oxy" product in the supermarket is 65% sodium percarbonate and 35% sodium carbonate. The "ultra boosters" seen on infomercials may contain as much as 80% sodium percarbonate. However, sodium percarbonate is less expensive in its pure form and can be adjusted to any percentage the user desires.

Sodium percarbonate can be used in organic synthesis as a convenient source of anhydrous H₂O₂, in particular in solvents that cannot dissolve the carbonate but can leach the H₂O₂ out of it. A method for generating trifluoroperacetic acid in situ for use in Baeyer-Villiger oxidations from sodium percarbonate and trifluoroacetic anhydride has been reported; it provides a convenient and cheap approach to this reagent without the need to obtain highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide.

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Commercial products

• OxiClean
• Oxyper
• OxyBoost

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References

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External links

• Organic Chemistry Portal: Sodium percarbonate
• Record in the Household Products Database of NLM

Source of the article : Wikipedia